我国档案不法行为的三元治理模式及其完善——基于法秩序统一视角的研究  

Tripartite Governance Model for Archival Misconduct in China and Its Optimization——A Study from the Perspective of Unity of Law and Order

作　　者：袁韬 Yuan Tao

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院

出　　处：《兰台世界》2025年第2期90-95,共6页Lantai World

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大项目“社会主义法治建设实践与中国自主法学知识体系建构研究”(项目编号:2023JZDZ012)。

摘　　要：档案不法行为是指违反档案法规规定的行为,如伪造、篡改档案或破坏档案管理秩序、危害档案保护工作等行为。档案不法行为的治理是指社会与公权力部门对于危害档案管理工作秩序行为的能动反应,即根据档案不法行为的具体类型,吸收社会公共力量,参与危害档案管理秩序行为的惩戒与防治,合理组织行为反应机制,增强档案治理的实际效能。基于法秩序统一的视角,档案不法行为的法律责任主要包括民事法律责任、行政法律责任和刑事法律责任,这也对应着治理档案不法行为的三元模式,即民事治理模式、行政治理模式和刑事治理模式。当前,我国档案不法行为的民事、行政与刑事治理均存在一定短板,应当对于每种档案治理模式存在的问题提出具有针对性的完善建议,构建我国档案工作的三维治理体系,打造以民事治理为基础、行政治理为支撑、刑事治理为兜底的“金字塔式”立体治理构造。Archival misconduct refers to the behavior of violating the provisions of archival laws and regulations,such as forgery,tampering with archives or destroying the order of archival management,jeopardizing the protection of archives,etc..The governance of archival misconduct refers to the dynamic reaction of the society and the public power departments to the behavior of jeopardizing the order of archival management,i.e.,absorbing the public power of society and participating in the punishment and prevention of behaviors of jeopardizing the order of archival management,reasonably organizing the behavioral response mechanism,and enhancing the actual effectiveness of archives governance according to the specific type of archival misconduct.From the perspective of unity of law and order,the legal responsibility of archival misconduct mainly includes civil legal responsibility,administrative legal responsibility and criminal legal responsibility,which also corresponds to the tripartite mode of governance of archival misconduct,i.e.,civil governance mode,administrative governance mode and criminal governance mode.At present,there are certain shortcomings in the civil,administrative and criminal governance of archival misconduct in China,and targeted optimization suggestions should be put forward for the problems existing in each archives governance mode,so as to construct a three-dimensional governance system for the archival work in China,and build a"pyramid-type"three-dimensional governance structure with civil governance as the foundation,administrative governance as the support,and criminal governance as the backing.

关 键 词：档案不法行为 档案治理 三元治理 治理模式 伪造、篡改档案 法秩序统一 档案安全 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D924.3[政治法律—法学]