“独立宗教—混合宗教”理论建构初探--以三一教为例  

Constructing a Theory of“Institutional Religion-Diffused Religion”--A Case Study of the Three-in-One Sect

作　　者：卢云峰 黄星尧[2] Lu Yunfeng;Huang Xingyao(School of Sociology,Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang 550025,China;Department of Sociology,Peking University,Bejing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州民族大学社会学院,贵阳550025 [2]北京大学社会学系,北京100871

出　　处：《北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期63-72,共10页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“宗教与现代民族国家建构研究”(24&ZD201)的中期成果。

摘　　要：独立宗教与混合宗教是杨庆堃分析中国宗教的经典概念,学界对这两个概念的讨论多围绕翻译展开,研究内容多属类型学分析。借鉴教派—教会理论的发展史,可将独立宗教和混合宗教的研究视角从静态的类型学分析转向动态过程研究,并在此基础上尝试建构一种“独立宗教—混合宗教”的本土宗教社会学理论。三一教的历史变迁为该中层理论的建构提供了一个很好的案例。该教派早期在神学教义、科仪体系和组织架构上都表现出强烈的独立宗教特征,但随着清中期管制力度的加大,教派内部不断利用血缘、地缘和业缘等多类型的关系网络,成功混合到家庭宗族、村庄社区与商业会馆等世俗制度中。三一教的变迁表明,如同西方社会存在教派向教会转换的现象一样,中国存在从独立宗教向混合宗教转化的趋势;研究这一趋势能帮助我们把“独立宗教—混合宗教”类型学研究发展为一种植根于中国本土经验的中层理论。The concepts of“institutional religion”and“diffused religion,”proposed by C.K.Yang,are foundational in the analysis of Chinese religion.Previous discussions on them have largely centered on the typological analysis.Drawing on the development of the sect-church theory,this study aims to shift the perspectives from a static one to a dynamic approach.We propose a middle-range theory of“institutionaldiffused religion”by probing the evolution of the Three-in-One sect(Sanyi Jiao).In its early stages,the sect exhibited distinctive characteristics of an institutional religion in terms of its theology,ritual,and organization.However,as state regulation intensified during the Qing dynasties,the sect became more and more diffused by means of integrating into secular institutions such as family and Chinese lineage,village communities,and merchant guilds.The transformation shows that,just like sects would evolve into churches in Western societies,in China,there exists a trend of institutional religion developing into diffused religion.Investigation of this trend can elevate the research of“institutional-diffused religion”from a typological analysis into a middle-range theory rooted in the Chinese context.

关 键 词：独立宗教 混合宗教 三一教 类型学 中层理论 

分 类 号：B920[哲学宗教—宗教学]