面向标准单元布局的自适应加权平均线长模型  

A Self-adaptive Weighted-average Wirelength Model for Global Placement

作　　者：迟元晓 王志君[3] 梁利平[3] 邱昕[1] CHI Yuanxiao;WANG Zhijun;LIANG Liping;QIU Xin(Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;School of Integrated Circuits,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Integrated Circuits,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing 100876,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院微电子研究所,北京100029 [2]中国科学院大学集成电路学院,北京100049 [3]北京邮电大学集成电路学院,北京100876

出　　处：《湖南大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第4期170-176,共7页Journal of Hunan University:Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U21A20504)。

摘　　要：现有EDA工具通过在密度约束条件下使半周长线长(half-perimeter wirelength,HPWL)总和最小化方法来解决集成电路物理版图设计中标准单元的全局布局问题.然而,HPWL的不可导性使得基于梯度的先进求解方法无法直接应用于全局布局.因此,布局中通常使用加权平均线长(weighted-average wirelength,WAWL)模型来近似HPWL,但无法兼顾平滑度和精度.因此,本文提出了一种改进的自适应加权平均线长(SaWAWL)模型,通过每条连线实际长度自适应地调整各自的加权因子γ,在保证平滑度的同时使拟合HPWL的误差更小,提高了标准单元全局布局质量.基于所提出的模型实现了一个全局布局器,并完成了在DAC2012开源基准上的验证.结果表明,该模型可以使半周长线长总和减少3.69%.The existing EDA tools address the global placement problem of very large scale integration(VLSI)physical design by minimizing the sum of half-perimeter wirelength(HPWL)under density constraints.However,the non-differentiability of HPWL renders gradient-based advanced optimization methods inapplicable directly to global placement.Consequently,the weighted-average wirelength(WAWL)model is often employed to approximate HPWL,but it struggles to achieve a balance between smoothness and accuracy.This paper introduces an improved self-adaptive weighted-average wirelength(SaWAWL)model.It dynamically adjusts the weighted factorsγfor each wire’s actual length,ensuring both smoothness and reduced error in fitting HPWL.The proposed model enhances the quality of global placement.A global placer based on this model is implemented and validated on the DAC 2012 open benchmark.The results indicate a 3.69%reduction in the total sum of half-perimeter wirelength.

关 键 词：集成电路 版图 物理设计 布局算法 

分 类 号：TN431.2[电子电信—微电子学与固体电子学]