《儿女英雄传》存现句的句法语义类型  

Syntactic and Semantic types of Existential Sentences in The Tale of Heroic Sons and Daughters

作　　者：段佳璇 DUAN Jiaxuan(Institute ofLinguistics,Xinjiang Academy ofSocial Sciences,UrumqiXinjiang,830011,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆社会科学院语言研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《文化创新比较研究》2025年第10期19-24,共6页Comparative Study of Cultural Innovation

基　　金：新疆社会科学院青年项目“中华民族共同体视域下喀什地区汉族村落语言接触现象研究”(项目编号:24QYJ05)。

摘　　要：《儿女英雄传》是一部由口语性较强的北京话写成的白话小说,大约成书于清代道光咸丰年间,反映了当时的语言面貌。存现句一般包含三段,即处所段+存现动词+存现主体,可分别对应A、B、C三段。按照有无B段动词谓语,《儿女英雄传》中的存现句可分为动词谓语存现句和无动词谓语存现句。在动词谓语存现句中,按照B段动词的性质,可以分为关系动词充当B段,以及行为动词充当B段的存现句,包含存在义或隐现义;无动词谓语存现句表现为“A+C”式,一般包含存在义。从跨时代视角来看,《儿女英雄传》作为连接近现代汉语的重要语言材料,其存现句的句法和语义类型已经发展得较为完备,A、B、C段的主要构成成分也与现代汉语基本一致。The Tale of Heroic Sons and Daughters is a novel in the vernacular with Beijing dialect,the book was written in the reign of Daoguang and Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty,and it reflects the linguistic condition of that period.A existential sentence generally consists of three parts,a locative word,an existential verb,and an existential subject,which can correspond to A,B,and C respectively.According to whether there is a verb or not,the existential sentence can be divided into the verb existential sentence and the non verb existential sentence.In the verb existential sentence,according to the character of the verb,it can be divided into the relative verb as part B and the action verb as part B existential sentence,including existential or implicit meanings.The non verb existential sentence is expressed as a A+C type,which generally contains the meaning of existence.From the perspective of crossing eras,as an important language material connecting modern Chinese and modern Chinese,the syntax and semantic types of its existential sentences have developed relatively comprehensively,and the main components of parts A,B,and C are also basically consistent with modern Chinese.

关 键 词：《儿女英雄传》 动词谓语存现句 无动词谓语存现句 句法结构 语义 跨时代 

分 类 号：H216[语言文字—少数民族语言]