中国花生品种保护与登记现状分析  

Current status of protection and registration of peanut varieties in China

作　　者：滕彩玲 张凯淅 荆若男 周燕 刘艳芳[1] 韩瑞玺 TENG Cai-ling;ZHANG Kai-xi;JING Ruo-nan;ZHOU Yan;LIU Yan-fang;HAN Rui-xi(Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China;Development Center of Science and Technology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100176,China;College of Agronomy and Life Science,Zhaotong University,Zhaotong 657000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院质量标准与检测技术研究所,云南昆明650205 [2]农业农村部科技发展中心,北京100176 [3]昭通学院农学与生命科学学院,云南昭通657000

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2025年第2期273-280,共8页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：2022年“智汇云南”计划-青年科学家、青年企业家(202303AM140011);2022年云南省国际科技特派员(个人)认定工作(202303AK140026)。

摘　　要：为促进花生种业的有序发展,分析我国花生品种保护与登记现状,利用品种权公告和种业大数据平台,收集、整理、校验和汇总有关材料,从年际变化、申请主体和申请省份等不同角度对收集到的材料进行分析。研究发现:截至2022年12月31日,我国共受理花生新品种保护申请684个,其中,295个品种处于品种权保护阶段,333个品种处于申请保护阶段,22个品种因不具备品种一致性、稳定性或特异性被驳回申请;116个单位或个人作为申请人提交过品种保护申请,其中,科研院所申请数量最多,平均每个单位申请品种为10个;近3年来,授权品种的审查时长在19个月左右。2017年5月-2022年12月,我国共登记花生品种1163个,其中有效登记1144个,撤销登记19个;高校登记数量最多。河南省是品种登记数量、品种权申请和授权数量最多的省份。1163个登记品种中,有675个品种未申请品种权保护,约占58.04%。我国花生育种呈现主产省份优势,以科研院所为主要育种主体,建议充分利用花生选育优势,强化产学研合作创新,促进花生产业的高质量发展;花生品种保护与登记的开展过程中,存在育种人“重登记、轻保护”的倾向,建议加强新品种权保护政策宣讲工作,引导育种人提高品种保护意识;品种的真实性核查对于花生种业的健康发展至关重要,建议登记部门将品种真实性鉴定工作前移,优化审查监管流程;此外,品种保护和登记制度面临新形势,随着实质性派生品种(EDV)、生物育种相关制度的相继试点实施,建议在完善现有制度的基础上,尽快制修订相关办法和指南,以适应育种新形势。To promote orderly development of peanut industry,investigations were carried out on protection and registration of peanut varieties.By collection,organization,verification,and summarization data from variety rights announcements and seed industry data platforms,different perspectives as annual variations,applicant entities,and applicant provinces were deeply analysed.Up to Dec.31,2022,684 applications for new peanut variety protection have been accepted.Of which 295 varieties were in stages of variety rights protection,333 were in stages of application protection,and 22 were rejected due to lack of variety distinctness,uniformity,or stability.116 organizations and persons had submitted.Among them,research institutions had the highest amount,averaging 10 varieties each.In the past 3 years,average examination duration for an authorized varieties was~19 months.From May 2017 to December 2022,1163 peanut varieties have been registered,with 1144 valid registrations and 19 revocatory registrations.Universities have the highest submitions.Most submition and authorized were from Henan Province.About 58.04% varieties(675 in 1163)did not applied for rights protection.Thus we believed that,peanut breeding in China has advantages in major producing provinces.We suggested to fully strengthen the innovation of industry-academia-research cooperationand also,to enhance the publicity of new variety rights protection policies,and also to enhance the breeders awareness of variety protection.Registration departments should be suggested to move forward the identification process,and to optimize review and supervision process.And,facing the implementation of Essential Derived Variety(EDV)and related biotechnology breeding,corresponding methods and guidances should be formulated promptly.

关 键 词：花生 植物品种保护(PVP) 品种登记 现状分析 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]