采薹次数对洱海流域菜-油两用油菜菜薹和菜籽产量、品质及综合效益的影响  

Effects of plucking times on yield,quality,and comprehensive benefits of flowering stalk and rapeseed of oilseed-vegetable dual-purpose rape(Brassica napus)cultivated in Erhai Lake Basin

作　　者：王康 杨静 岳培蕾[5] 王睿 汪江涛 张顺涛 鲁剑巍[8] 丛汶峰 WANG Kang;YANG Jing;YUE Pei-lei;WANG Rui;WANG Jiang-tao;ZHANG Shun-tao;LU Jian-wei;CONG Wen-feng(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,National Academy of Agriculture Green Development,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Erhai Academy of Agriculture Green Development,Dali 671008,China;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Dezhou University,Dezhou 253023,China;Yunnan University Resource Plant Research Institute,Kunming 650504,China;Dezhou Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Dezhou 253052,China;Yunnan Grain Industry Group Co.,Ltd,Kunming 650000,China;College of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471000,China;College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,国家农业绿色发展研究院,北京100193 [2]洱海流域农业绿色发展研究院,云南大理671008 [3]德州学院化学化工学院,山东德州253023 [4]云南大学资源植物研究院,云南昆明650504 [5]德州市农业农村局,山东德州253052 [6]云南省粮食产业集团有限公司,云南昆明650000 [7]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471000 [8]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2025年第2期413-420,共8页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项(202202AE090034);云南省新型研发机构培育对象洱海流域农业绿色发展研究院(202304BQ040005);云南省张福锁院士工作站(202305AF150055);洱海流域多用途油菜(菜薹)绿色生产技术构建及示范(DLHT-202206136)。

摘　　要：为创新洱海流域油菜的绿色高值的协同模式,明确适宜洱海流域种植的菜-油两用油菜的最佳采薹次数,以云油杂15号为品种,通过布置田间小区试验,探究不同采薹次数(0次、1次、2次)下,油菜的生育进程、农艺性状、菜薹和菜籽产量及其综合效益,调查采薹后菜籽的品质变化。结果表明:增加采薹次数会延长油菜的生育进程,降低株高、分枝部位和一次有效分枝数,增加茎粗、再分枝数、全株有效分枝数和分枝角果数,不影响每角粒数、单株生产力和千粒重。与不采薹相比,采薹1次和2次均未显著影响菜籽产量:菜籽理论产量和实际产量分别为3836~3999 kg/hm^(2)和3316~3717 kg/hm^(2),而菜薹产量显著增加。采薹0次、1次和2次时,云油杂15号的产投比分别为0.48、1.02和1.55,而其综合产值则表现为采薹2次(86369元/hm^(2))>采薹1次(53171元/hm^(2))>采薹0次(23324元/hm^(2))。此外,增加采薹次数虽然不影响菜籽的芥酸、硫甙和油酸含量,但显著影响菜籽的含油量、蛋白质和亚麻酸含量。综上,在洱海流域种植菜-油两用油菜时以采薹2次的综合效益最佳。To improve green high-value collaboration models in Erhai Lake Basin,Yunnan Province,optimal plucking frequency for oilseed-vegetable dual-purpose rape(Brassica napus L.)was detemined by using cultivar Yunyouza 15.Field experiments were conducted to investigate growth duration and agronomic traits of rape,and also comprehensive economic value of flowering stalk and grain yield under different plucking times(i.e.0,1,2 times,respectively).Moreover,nutritional quality changes of rapeseed after stalk harvesting were determined.Results showed that plucking times prolonged growth process,decreased plant height,decreased branching site and first effective branches,but increased stem diameter and rebranches number,with increased effective branches and siliques.Plucking times did not affect seeds per silique,individual plant productivity(seeds per plant)and 1000-seed weight.Compared with non-plucking,plucking once or twice did not significantly affect seed yield(the theoretical and actual yields were respectively 3836-3999 kg/hm^(2) and 3316-3717 kg/hm^(2));in the contrast,they significantly increased the yield of flowering stalk.Therefore,the benefit-cost ratio of Yunyouza 15 was respectively 0.48,1.02 and 1.55 when plucking 0,1 and 2 times.Correspondingly,its comprehensive economic value was achieved maximum with its figure of 86369 yuan/hm^(2) when plucking twice,greater than that of plucking once(53171 yuan/hm^(2))and non-plucking(23324 yuan/hm^(2)).In addition,an increasing plucking time did not significantly affect the seed quality as erucic acid content,glucosinolate and oleic acid contents.It significantly altered the contents of oil,protein and linolenic acid of rapeseed.In conclusion,plucking flowering stalk twice could produce the highest comprehensive benefits when cultivating oilseed-vegetable dual-purpose rape in Erhai Lake Basin.

关 键 词：洱海流域 菜-油两用 油菜薹 油菜籽 综合效益 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]