有机无机肥配施改善辽西北风沙区花生氮素积累、产量及品质  

Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers improve N accumulation,yield,and quality of peanut in the wind sand area of Northwestern Liaoning

作　　者：夏桂敏[1] 樊龙江 黄亚男 吴毅 郑俊林[1] 迟道才[1] XIA Gui-min;FAN Long-jiang;HUANG Ya-nan;WU Yi;ZHENG Jun-lin;CHI Dao-cai(College of Water Conservancy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水利学院,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2025年第2期450-460,共11页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1500705);国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金(U21A20217);国家自然科学基金(52209063);辽宁省博士科研启动基金(2021-BS-143);辽宁省教育厅科学研究项目(LJKZ0695)。

摘　　要：为实现辽西北花生高产优质栽培,探究有机无机肥配施对风沙土花生生长特性、氮素积累、产量及品质的影响,于2021和2022年在辽西北风沙区开展田间试验,以不施肥处理(CK)为对照,研究单施无机肥(N)、单施有机肥(O)及有机肥和无机肥等氮配施(N+O)对花生株高、叶面积指数、干物质积累、氮素积累、产量及品质的影响。两年试验结果表明,N+O、N和O处理在花生生育中期的株高显著高于CK处理,且N+O处理株高在全生育期均显著高于CK处理。N+O处理花针期和饱果期干物质积累量较N处理分别提高了7.3%和15.8%(2021)及14.6%和13.4%(2022)。N+O处理结荚期和饱果期总氮积累量较N处理分别提高了10.2%和15.8%(2021),19.6%和13.4%(2022),且饱果期荚果氮积累量较N处理分别提高了17.4%(2021)和16.9%(2022)。2021年,N+O处理花生荚果产量、籽仁产量和百仁质量较N处理分别提高了14.1%、10.5%和9.1%。2022年,N+O处理花生蛋白质含量较N处理提高了2.4%。综上,有机无机肥等氮配施处理提高了花生株高、叶面积指数、干物质积累及总氮积累,最终提高花生产量并改善花生品质。For high-yield and high-quality peanut cultivation in Northwestern Liaoning,field experiments were carried out in windy sandy area of Northwestern Liaoning Province.Effects of combine application of organic and inorganic fertilizers were investigated on growth,nitrogen accumulation,yield and quality of peanut in windy and sandy soil in 2021 and 2022.Controlled by no fertilizer treatment,3 treatments were designed and tested as inorganic fertilizers(N)alone,organic fertilizers(O)alone,and combined application of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers(N+O).Plant traits included plant height,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation,nitrogen accumulation,yield and quality of peanut.The 3 treatments as N+O,N,and O had significantly higher plant height than CK in the middle growth stage,and N+O had significantly higher plant height than CK throughout the whole growth stages.At the flowering and pod filling stages,the N+O treatment had 7.3% and 15.8%(2021),and 14.6% and 13.4%(2022)higher dry matter accumulation than the N treatment,respectively.At the pod setting and pod filling stages,the N+O treatment had 10.2% and 15.8%(2021),and 19.6% and 13.4%(2022)higher total nitrogen accumulation than the N treatment,respectively,and at the pod filling stage,the pod nitrogen accumulation of the N+O treatment was 17.4%(2021)and 16.9%(2022)higher than the N treatment,respectively.In 2021,pod yield,kernel yield,and 100 kernel mass of N+O treatment were 14.1%,10.5% and 9.1% higher than N,respectively.In 2022,N+O treatment had 2.4% higher protein content than N treatment.In conclusion,combined application of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers treatments increased peanut plant height,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation,and total N accumulation,which ultimately increased peanut yield and improved peanut quality.

关 键 词：花生 有机无机肥配施 生长性状 氮素积累 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]