施硅量和播种方式对胡麻养分积累及分配规律的影响  

Effects of silicon application rate and sowing patterns on the nutrient accumulation and distribution pattern of oilseed flax

作　　者：王瑞珺 吴兵 高玉红[1,2] 郭丽琢[1,2] 卢培娜 李玥[4] 薛文芳 马幸康 范鑫[1] WANG Rui-jun;WU Bing;GAO Yu-hong;GUO Li-zhuo;LU Pei-na;LI Yue;XUE Wen-fang;MA Xing-kang;FAN Xin(College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Life Sciences sand Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Information Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070 [4]甘肃农业大学信息科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2025年第2期478-487,共10页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：甘肃省教育科技创新产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-38);甘肃省技术创新引导计划-科技特派团专题(23CXNA0035);国家自然科学基金(31760363,32060437);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-14-1-16);甘肃省科技计划-自然科学基金重点项目(23JRRA1403)。

摘　　要：为探索适合黄土高原陇中地区旱作胡麻的高产栽培措施,了解施用硅肥对常规条播和宽幅匀播技术下旱地胡麻养分的影响,采用裂区设计田间试验,以硅肥施用量0(Si0)、75(Si1)、150(Si2)kg·hm^(-2)为主区,常规条播(R0)和宽幅匀播(R1)两种播种方式为副区,分析了施硅量对不同播种方式下胡麻全生育期地上部干物质、氮、磷、钾素积累及分配规律和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,相较于常规条播,宽幅匀播条件下胡麻地上部干物质积累量平均增加8.41%,籽粒产量提高9.31%。与此同时,宽幅匀播促进了胡麻整个生育期氮、磷、钾素积累,增幅分别达到7.61%~22.24%、7.14%~44.06%、9.27%~25.80%,进而提升各养分在成熟期生殖器官中的分配。随着施硅量的增加,胡麻植株地上部干物质、养分积累量和产量均表现为Si1>Si2>Si0,其中Si1水平下胡麻植株干物质积累量较Si0处理显著增加9.29%~25.81%;氮磷钾积累量呈相似变化,施硅肥对各养分积累的促进作用表现为:钾>氮>磷;籽粒产量提高12.31%。干物质积累量对养分积累量贡献率为13.5%~36.0%,养分含量贡献率为63.6%~87.6%。Si1R1处理显著提高胡麻养分收获指数、硅肥偏生产力和产量。综上表明,施75 kg·hm^(-2)硅肥结合宽幅匀播的播种方式可显著促进胡麻干物质量及氮、磷、钾养分的吸收积累,提升氮磷素在生殖器官中的分配,进而提高产量。To find suitable high grain yield management measures for oilseed flax in the dry farming area of the Loess Plateau,silicon fertilizer effect was investigated on nutrients of dryland oilseed flax under conventional drilling sowing and wide range uniform sowing.A split field experiment,designed with the main factor of silicon fertilizer application rates and sub-factor of two seeding methods,was conducted to study the effects of silicon application rates on aboveground dry matter,N(nitrogen),P(phosphorus),K(potassium)accumulation and distribution,grain yield under different sowing patterns during the whole growth period.The main plots was designed with silicon fertilizer application rates of no silicon application rate(Si0),75 kg·hm^(-2)(Si1),and 150 kg·hm^(-2)(Si2).The subplots was designed with seeding methods of conventional drilling sowing(R0)and wide range uniform sowing(R1).Results showed that the above-ground dry matter accumulation and grain yield under wide range uniform sowing was increased 8.41% and 9.31% compared with conventional drilling sowing respectively.Meanwhile R1 promoted the accumulation of NPK of the whole growth period,with increased 7.61%-22.24%,7.14%-44.06%,and 9.27%-25.80%,respectively,which in turn improved nutrients distribution in the reproductive organs at the mature stage.Aboveground dry matter,NPK accumulation and grain yield all presented Si1>Si2>Si0 with the increase in the amount of silicon.And the dry matter accumulation of Si1 increased by 9.29%-25.81% compared with that of the Si0 treatment.Nutrient accumulation showed similar change,and the promotion effect of Si application on the accumulation of each nutrient was as follows:K>N>P,and the grain yield was significantly higher by 12.31%.Dry matter accumulation contributed 13.5%-36.0% to NPK accumulation,and contributed 63.6%-87.6% to NPK contents.Compared with other treatments,Si1R1 significantly increased nutrient harvest index,partial factor productivity of silicon fertilizer and grain yield.In summary,the application of

关 键 词：胡麻 硅肥 宽幅匀播 氮磷钾养分 产量 

分 类 号：S565.9[农业科学—作物学]