油菜秸秆木塑复合材料的制备研究  

Research on preparation of rapeseed straw wood-plastic composites

作　　者：吴亦珺 张蓉蓉 肖婧怡 张维农 从艳霞 WU Yi-jun;ZHANG Rong-rong;XIAO Jing-yi;ZHANG Wei-nong;CONG Yan-xia(College of Food Science and Engineering,Wuhan Polytechnic University,Wuhan 430023,China;Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products,Wuhan 430023,China;Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil,Ministry of Education,Wuhan 430023,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉轻工大学食品科学与工程学院,湖北武汉430023 [2]农产品加工与转化湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430023 [3]大宗粮油精深加工教育部重点实验室,湖北武汉430023

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2025年第2期502-512,共11页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1600500);中央引导地方科技发展专项项目(2022BGE247)。

摘　　要：为解决油菜秸秆处理困难的问题,以油菜秸秆为原料,采用混炼热压工艺制备木塑复合材料,系统研究了油菜秸秆的填充量、粒径和聚合物种类对木塑复合材料性能的影响,并将其与GB/T 24137-2009《木塑装饰板》中相关指标进行比较。研究结果显示,当油菜秸秆的填充量为30%、粒径为80目时,木塑复合材料性能指标较优;聚丙烯(PP)制备的复合材料性能优于乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物(EAA)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)制备的复合材料;比较了稻壳灰、亲水型纳米SiO_(2)和亲油型纳米SiO_(2)对材料性能指标的影响,结果表明添加5%的亲油型纳米SiO_(2)或5%的稻壳灰能有效增强复合材料性能,拉伸强度分别提高了2.01%和11.25%、弯曲强度分别提高了12.73%和7.32%、弹性模量分别提高了7.13%和6.43%。25%油菜秸秆粉、5%稻壳灰和70%PP制备得到的木塑复合材料性能最优:拉伸强度17.83±0.56 MPa、弯曲强度33.68±0.04 MPa、弹性模量2119.32±6.39 MPa、邵氏硬度72.30±1.09 HD、含水率0.39±0.02%、吸水厚度膨胀率0.58±0.00%,基本符合国家标准。To address the rapeseed straw processing,wood-plastic composites were prepared by mixing and hot-pressing process using rapeseed straw as raw material.Effects of filling amount,particle size and polymer types of rapeseed straw on performance indexes of wood-plastic composites were systematically studied,and were compared with relevant indexes in GB/T 24137-2009.Results showed that properties of wood-plastic composites were better,when filling amount of rapeseed straw was 30% and the particle size was 80 mesh.Performance of composites prepared by polypropylene was better than that of ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer,high density polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride.The effects of rice husk ash,hydrophilic nano-silica and hydrophobic nano-silica on performance indexes of materials were compared.It indicated that adding 5% oleophilic nano-silica or 5% rice husk ash could effectively enhance the performance of composites,with tensile strength increased by 2.01% and 11.25%,bending strength increased by 12.73% and 7.32%,and elastic modulus increased by 7.13% and 6.43%,respectively.The wood-plastic composites prepared with a formula of 25% rapeseed straw powder,5% rice husk ash and 70% polypropylene had the best performance as tensile strength 17.83±0.56 MPa,bending strength 33.68±0.04 MPa,elastic modulus 2119.32±6.39 MPa,shore hardness 72.30±1.09 HD,water content 0.39±0.02%,and water absorption thickness expansion rate 0.58±0.00%.These performances were basically met the national standards.

关 键 词：油菜秸秆 木塑复合材料 聚丙烯 力学性能 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] S565.4[农业科学—作物学]