陆相火山作用与斑岩-浅成低温热液型铜金成矿系统若干问题讨论  

Discussion on continental volcanism and porphyry-epithermal Cu-Au mineralization system

作　　者：宋扬[1] 唐菊兴[1] 王楠 孙豪 李发桥 闫徐坤 SONG Yang;TANG JuXing;WANG Nan;SUN Hao;LI FaQiao;YAN XuKun(State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth and Mineral Exploration,Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]深地探测与矿产勘查全国重点实验室,中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,北京100037

出　　处：《岩石学报》2025年第5期1467-1489,共23页Acta Petrologica Sinica

基　　金：新一轮找矿突破战略行动项目(DD20230054);国家自然科学基金项目(42172100)联合资助详细信息。

摘　　要：斑岩-浅成低温热液型铜金矿床与陆相火山岩关系密切, 其成矿理论研究和勘查评价一直是矿床学和勘查学的前沿焦点。在新一轮找矿突破战略行动中, 我国陆相火山岩区该类矿床的找矿工作取得了重要成果, 但研究进展尚需梳理总结, 理论认识仍有待提高。本文对陆相火山作用/火山岩概念进行了总结和梳理, 对与成矿过程有关的陆相火山作用进行了厘定, 通过系统总结斑岩-浅成低温热液型铜金成矿系统的矿床分布规律、矿体空间关系和矿化蚀变结构等内容, 对陆相火山作用对该成矿系统的成矿过程、保存条件和空间分布等方面的控制作用等关键问题进行了讨论。提出陆相火山作用包括火山喷出、浅成侵入和隐爆角砾作用;多旋回陆相火山作用对斑岩-浅成低温热液型铜金成矿系统的形成与保存具有重要的控制作用;热液蚀变的火山岩、斑岩和隐爆角砾岩是寻找斑岩-浅成低温热液型铜金矿床的重要岩石标志;斑岩-浅成低温热液成矿系统浅部的浅成低温热液型矿床易被剥蚀, 而陆相火山岩覆盖是其重要保存机制;此外, 区域构造快速隆升、火山机构崩塌和多期次岩浆-热液活动是引发斑岩型铜矿化蚀变和浅成低温热液型金矿化蚀变垂向套合叠加成矿的重要控制因素。Porphyry-epithermal copper-gold deposits are intricately associated with the formation of continental volcanic rocks. Theoretical study on metallogenic theory and exploration appraisal has consistently been at the forefront of metallogeny and exploration. In the New Strategic Action of Ore-prospecting Breakthroughs, significant outcomes have been attained in the exploration of deposits within continental volcanic regions in China;however, the research advancements require organization and synthesis, and the theoretical comprehension necessitates enhancement. This work elucidates the concept of continental volcanism and volcanic rock, while defining continental volcanism in relation to the metallogenic process. This paper systematically summarizes the deposit distribution regularities, spatial relationships of ore bodies, and the mineralization and alteration structures within the porphyry-epithermal copper-gold metallogenic system, addressing key issues such as the influence of continental volcanism on the metallogenic process, preservation conditions, and the spatial distribution of the metallogenic system. Continental volcanism is defined as a comprehensive phrase encompassing volcanic eruptions, hypabyssal intrusions, and cryptoexplosive breccia. Multicycle continental volcanism significantly influences the porphyry-epithermal copper-gold metallogenic system. Hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks, porphyries and cryptoexplosive breccia serve as significant geological indicators in the exploration for porphyry-epithermal copper-gold deposits. The hypabyssal hydrothermal system in the shallow region of this metallogenic system is readily eroded, and the coverage of continental volcanic rocks serves as a crucial preservation mechanism for the porphyry-epithermal metallogenic system. Furthermore, rapid regional tectonic uplifting, volcanic edifice collapsing and magmatic-hydrothermal activity are significant determinants that initiate the vertical telescoping of porphyry copper and epithermal gold mineralization.

关 键 词：斑岩-浅成低温热液 铜金矿床 陆相火山作用 成矿作用 隐爆角砾岩 

分 类 号：P317[天文地球—固体地球物理学] P611.1[天文地球—地球物理学] P618.41P618.51