中国岩浆热液矿床辉钼矿中铼(Re)的地球化学特征及指示意义  

Geochemical characteristic of rhenium (Re) in molybdenite from magmatic hydrothermal deposits in China, and implications for Re exploration

作　　者：王志超 林彬[2] 唐攀 何亮[4,5] 王梦蝶 徐书慧 赵媛 WANG ZhiChao;LIN Bin;TANG Pan;HE Liang;WANG MengDie;XU ShuHui;ZHAO Yuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth and Mineral Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100094,China;The Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education on Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling,School of Environment and Resource,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;No.6 Geological Party,Xizang Bureau of Geological Exploration and Mineral Development.Lhasa 851400,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [2]中国地质科学院,深地探测与矿产勘查全国重点实验室,北京100094 [3]西南科技大学环境与资源学院,固体废物处理与资源化教育部重点实验室,绵阳621010 [4]成都理工大学地球科学与行星学院,成都610059 [5]西藏自治区地质矿产勘查开发局第六地质大队,拉萨851400

出　　处：《岩石学报》2025年第5期1664-1684,共21页Acta Petrologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(42272093、42230813);中国地质科学院院基本科研业务费(JKYZD202316);国家重点研发计划-深地专项(2022YFC2905001);西藏自治区科技计划项目(XZ202401-GB-24);新一轮找矿突破战略行动科技支撑项目(ZKKJ202429);中国地质调查局项目(DD20230054)联合资助详细信息。

摘　　要：铼(Re)是重要稀散金属之一, 在国防和工业领域作为重要原材料具有不可替代性。自然界中Re很难形成独立矿物, 主要以类质同象的形式赋存于辉钼矿中, 并产自斑岩-矽卡岩型Cu(-Mo/-Mo-Au)矿床。目前, 我国Re已知资源量较小且分配不均匀, 不同矿床中Re的富集机制和关键控制因素仍不清楚。本文基于中国484个岩浆热液矿床的3427条辉钼矿Re-Os测试结果, 结合前人相关研究进行综合分析, 认为: (1)发育富Re含量(≥100×10^(-6))辉钼矿的热液矿床主要形成于中生代(~140Ma)和新生代(~20Ma), 呈两个"峰值";(2)相比于其他类型, 斑岩型Cu(-Au)、Cu-Mo矿床中的辉钼矿最富Re, 而在斑岩型、矽卡岩型及石英脉型三类矿床中, 富Au的矿床亚类型发育最富Re的辉钼矿;(3)尽管成矿过程中岩浆氧逸度及分异程度、成矿热液的温度及酸碱性以及矿床Mo品位都有可能影响矿床范围内辉钼矿中最终沉淀的Re含量, 但是更多证据指示, 岩浆源区可能是造成中国不同矿床, 特别是不同(亚)类型的矿床之间辉钼矿Re含量差异的关键因素;(4)目前, 中国岩浆-热液矿床中初步估算总Re资源量约为3000t, 具良好Re成矿潜力。其中, 斑岩型Cu-Mo矿床Re的成矿潜力最好, 主要集中分布在冈底斯斑岩铜矿带、东天山斑岩铜矿带和长江中下游斑岩铜矿带。Rhenium (Re) is one of the most important rare metals, and it plays an irreplaceable role as a crucial raw material in defense and industry. Rhenium is rarely found as natural independent mineral, and it primarily occurs in the form of isomorphous substitution within molybdenite (MoS2), typically associated with porphyry-skarn type Cu(-Mo/-Mo-Au) deposits. Currently, Re resources are limited and unevenly distributed, and the enrichment mechanisms and key controlling factors of Re in different ore deposits remain unclear. Using 3, 427 molybdenite Re-Os analysis results from 484 magmatic hydrothermal ore deposits in China, and combined with previous related research, this study concludes the following: (1) Hydrothermal deposits with molybdenite that is rich in Re (Re ≥100×10^(-6)) mainly formed in the Mesozoic (~140Ma) and Cenozoic (~20Ma), showing two peak periods;(2) Compared to other types, molybdenite from porphyry Cu(-Au) and Cu-Mo deposits is the richest in Re. Among the three types of porphyry, skarn, and quartz-vein deposits, Re-rich molybdenite is always the most prevalent in Au-enriched subtypes;(3) Although factors such as oxygen fugacity and differentiation degree of magma, the temperature and pH of ore-forming fluids, and Mo grade in deposits may influence the final Re content in molybdenite, more research evidence implied that, the magma source is likely considered the key factor responsible for the Re content variations between different deposits in China, especially between different subtypes;(4) As estimated, the preliminary total Re resource from magmatic hydrothermal deposits in China is approximately 3, 000 tons, indicating significant potential for Re mineralization. Among these, porphyry Cu-Mo deposits exhibit the highest potential for Re mineralization, primarily concentrated in the Gangdese porphyry copper belt, the Eastern Tianshan porphyry copper belt, and the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Valley porphyry copper belt.

关 键 词：铼 辉钼矿 岩浆热液矿床 富集机制 岩浆源区 勘查潜 

分 类 号：P612[天文地球—矿床学] P618.87[天文地球—地质学]