木兰围猎在清代民族交融与国家治理的作用研究  

Research on the Role of Mulan Hunting in Ethnic Integration and National Governance in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：张安福 Zhang Anfu

机构地区：[1]上海大学历史系,上海200444

出　　处：《中州学刊》2025年第4期123-132,共10页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国历史上的边疆治理与民族融合研究”(24&ZD264)。

摘　　要：木兰围猎是清代创立的官方狩猎活动,也是推动民族交融的政治典礼,对于巩固清代多民族国家的统一发挥了重要作用。木兰围猎制度渊源于东北民族的狩猎习俗,在辽金捺钵制度的基础上发展而来,旨在保持八旗的尚武风俗并提升其军事技能,成为凝聚东北各民族的精神文化纽带。此外,清朝通过木兰围猎绥抚蒙古各部,进一步密切了满蒙关系,对于清朝稳定北疆治理,强化“满蒙一体”的政治同盟意义重大。木兰围猎构建了边疆各民族互动交流的空间场域,来自边疆地区的各民族首领在围猎期间随围观猎并朝觐清帝,共商国是。这不仅极大地丰富了木兰围猎的政治意蕴,也使之成为清朝深化因俗而治、因时制宜的治理措施,增强边疆多民族国家认同意识的重要路径,推动了清朝“大一统”格局的最终形成。Mulan Autumn Hunt was an official hunting activity established during the Qing Dynasty,and it was also a political ceremony that promoted the integration of various ethnic groups.It played an important role in consolidating the unity of the multi-ethnic Qing state.The system of Mulan Autumn Hunt originated from the hunting customs of the Northeast ethnic groups and developed on the basis of the Liao and Jin Dynasties’Nalbo system.Its purpose was to maintain the martial customs of the Eight Banners and enhance their military skills,and it became a spiritual and cultural bond that united the various ethnic groups in Northeast China.In addition,the Qing Dynasty took advantage of Mulan Autumn Hunt to pacify the Mongolian tribes,further strengthening the relationship between the Manchus and the Mongolians.This was of great significance for the Qing Dynasty to stabilize the governance of the northern frontier and to strengthen the political alliance of“one family of Manchu and Mongolian”.Mulan Autumn Hunt constructed a space field for the interaction and exchange of various ethnic groups in the frontier.During the hunting period,leaders of various ethnic groups from frontier region followed the hunt and paid homage to the Qing Emperor to discuss state affairs.This not only greatly enriched the political implications of Mulan Autumn Hunt,but also made it an important way for the Qing Dynasty to deepen its governance measures of governing according to local customs and adapting to the times,and enhance the national identity of the multi-ethnic state in the frontier.It promoted the final formation of the“Great Unification”pattern of the Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：木兰围猎 满蒙一体 民族融合:国家治理 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]