河流泥沙颗粒分析规程修编对悬移质级配分布测算的影响研究  

Effect of the revision of technical standard for determination of sedimentparticle size on the estimation of particle size distribution

作　　者：杨润祎 张红武[1] 朱金峰[2] YANG Runyi;ZHANG Hongwu;ZHU Jinfeng(State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Beijing 100084,China;Department of Hydrology of the Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100053,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084 [2]水利部水文司,北京100053

出　　处：《水利学报》2025年第3期317-327,共11页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402500);国家自然科学基金青年项目(52009145);鄂尔多斯水利科技重点项目(20232000090)。

摘　　要：我国《河流泥沙颗粒分析规程》中悬移质泥沙级配测算的原理、方法进行了数次修订,研究该规程更改对悬移质泥沙级配资料一致性的影响,有助于分析泥沙基础资料的可靠性,完善河流动力学基本理论。为把握规程修编对原始泥沙资料测算的影响程度,本文对新老规程沉速公式的计算结果进行比较,发现在过渡区粒径较大时,规程先后采用冈恰诺夫早期公式和沙玉清公式计算所得的沉降粒径存在较大差别。基于黄河下游7个测站1960—1985年的水文资料,分别利用河流泥沙颗粒分析规程曾采取的悬移质级配测算和现行的方法,对原始资料中的颗粒级配、代表粒径、平均沉速进行验算,分析与评估《河流泥沙颗粒分析规程》的变更对资料的影响,发现采用不同沉速公式对颗粒分析资料的一致性和连续性均产生影响,在水流挟沙力等泥沙运动规律的精细研究中难免造成差异。为解决规程变更前后资料的一致性问题,本文基于多项式回归方法,提出了精度较高的悬移质泥沙级配资料换算方法。最后,本文进一步研究了冈恰诺夫早期公式和沙玉清公式的计算结果随温度变化的差异,并与张瑞瑾公式进行了对比。计算结果表明,只有张瑞瑾公式随着温度增减引起的水流黏滞系数变化对于细沙沉速影响最为明显,同泥沙沉降受水流黏滞系数影响的基本概念符合最好。The principles and methods for determining suspended sediment particle size in technical standards have undergone revision several times.Studying the impact of these revisions on the consistency of particle size distribution data enhances our understanding of the reliability of the hydrological data and enriches the theory of river dynamics.In order to investigate the effects of these technical standard revisions on the original hydrological data,this paper compares the calculation results of the old and new settling velocity formulas,highlighting a significant difference between the particle sizes obtained by the Sha Yuqing’s formula and Goncharov’s early formula.Utilizing hydrological data from seven stations in the lower Yellow River from 1960 to 1985,the study re-evaluates the particle size distribution,characteristic grain size,and average settling velocity in the original data according to the particle size determination method previously and currently adopted by the technical standard.The degree of influence of the standard change on data consistency was assessed,revealing that different settling velocity formulas affect the consistency of hydrological data,hampering fine study of sediment movement laws,particularly the water carrying capacity.In order to address issues arising from technical standard revisions,the study proposes a polynomial regression-based method for particle size distribution conversion,which demonstrates high fitting accuracy.In the last part of this paper,the differences in the calculation results of the Goncharov’s early formula and the Sha Yuqing’s formula with temperature variations are studied and compared with those derived from Zhang Ruijin’s formula.The results found that the change of viscous coefficient caused by variations in temperature has the most pronounced effect on the sediment settling velocity calculated by Zhang Ruijin’s formula,which is in line with the basic concept of sediment settling the best.

关 键 词：泥沙颗粒分析 规程修编 黄河 级配 沉速公式 

分 类 号：TV143[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]