Cu-Ag-Sb合金电解提银的热力学行为研究及实验验证  

Thermodynamic Behavior and Experimental Verification of Extracted Silver from Cu-Ag-Sb Alloy by Electrolysis

作　　者：潘顺伟 张旭[1] 蒋文龙[1] PAN Shunwei;ZHANG Xu;JIANG Wenlong(Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,云南昆明650093

出　　处：《昆明理工大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期1-8,共8页Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52064029)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在探讨贵铅二次真空蒸馏产出的Cu-Ag-Sb合金的高效电解提银工艺.针对现有氧化精炼和酸浸工艺存在的能耗高、工艺流程冗长、直收率低等问题,提出通过热力学计算和实验验证来优化电解过程,以期实现银的高效回收.本研究通过热力学计算,绘制了温度为25℃时Cu-Ag-Sb-S-F-H_(2)O系的E-pH图,用于阐明Cu、Ag和Sb在电解过程中的热力学行为,并确定合金在H_(2)SO_(4)-HF电解体系下有效回收富集银的可能性,结合E-pH图对Cu-Ag-Sb合金的电解提银工艺进行了实验验证.研究结果表明:铜和锑的氧化电位相近,而银与铜、锑之间存在显著的电位差;当电位在0.34~0.65 V(vs·SHE)之间,pH值低于0.88时,银不发生电化学反应并被富集在阳极泥中,而铜和锑则被氧化为金属离子进入电解液并在阴极得到还原.研究发现,Cu-Ag-Sb合金在H_(2)SO_(4)-HF电解体系下电解分离回收银在热力学上是可行的.合金电解实验结果证实了E-pH图的热力学分析结果,铜和锑的脱除率分别达到97.28%和93.43%.This study aims to explore an efficient electrolytic silver extraction process for the Cu-Ag-Sb alloy produced by the secondary vacuum distillation of rich lead.Aiming at the problems of high energy consumption,lengthy process flow and low direct recovery rate existing in the current oxidation refining and acid leaching processes,this paper proposes to optimize the electrolytic process through thermodynamic calculations and experimental verification,with a view to achieving efficient silver recovery.In this study,the E-pH diagram of the Cu-Ag-Sb-S-F-H_(2)O system at 25℃was drawn by thermodynamic calculation to clarify the thermodynamic behavior of Cu,Ag,and Sb in the electrolysis process,and to determine the possibility of effective recovery and enrichment of silver in the H_(2)SO_(4)-HF electrolysis system.It provides a theoretical basis for Cu-Ag-Sb alloy s electrolytic silver extraction process.The electrolytic silver extraction process of Cu-Ag-Sb alloy was verified by the E-pH diagram.The results show that the oxidation potentials of copper and antimony are close,while there is a large potential difference between silver and copper-antimony.When the potential is between 0.34~0.65 V(vs·SHE)and the pH is lower than 0.88,silver is enriched in the anode slime because no electrochemical reaction occurs,and copper-antimony are oxidized to metal ions into the electrolyte and reduced at the cathode.In this paper,it is thermodynamically feasible to separate and recover silver from Cu-Ag-Sb alloy in H_(2)SO_(4)-HF electrolysis system.The results of alloy electrolysis experiments confirmed the thermodynamic analysis results of E-pH diagram,and the removal rates of copper and antimony reached 97.28%and 93.43%.

关 键 词：Cu-Ag-Sb合金 金属热力学 E-pH图 金属电解 金属分离与提取 阳极泥富集 

分 类 号：TF832[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]