养老机构老年人跌倒风险感知的影响因素  

Influencing factors of fall risk perception among elderly people in nursing institutions

作　　者：杨立国 贾国奥 唐启群 胡惠菊 于杰 王艳东 YANG Liguo;JIA Guoao;TANG Qiqun;HU Huiju;YU Jie;WANG Yandong(North China University of Science and Technology,Hebei 062300 China)

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学,河北062300

出　　处：《护理研究》2025年第8期1261-1266,共6页Chinese Nursing Research

基　　金：2022年度河北省医学科学研究指导性课题,编号:20221510。

摘　　要：目的:评价养老机构老年人跌倒风险感知的准确性,为养老机构老年人提高跌倒风险感知能力提供理论依据,提高其预防跌倒的主观能动性。方法:采用便利抽样法,选取2023年6月—11月河北省6所养老机构的460名老年人作为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、老年人跌倒风险感知问卷和Morse跌倒评估量表进行调查,全面分析养老机构老年人跌倒风险与风险感知的差异。结果:460名养老机构老年人中跌倒风险自评与他评一致255人(55.4%),低估跌倒风险143人(31.1%),高估跌倒风险62人(13.5%)。职业、体型、是否为医养结合、饮食营养情况、跌倒知识了解度、服用2种及以上药物是养老机构老年人低估自身跌倒风险的影响因素(P<0.05)。睡眠时间、预防跌倒健康宣教、简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)得分情况、服用2种及以上药物为养老机构老年人高估自身跌倒风险的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:养老机构老年人跌倒风险感知水平较高,但仍有部分老年人有感知偏差。建议养老机构在日常护理中提供个性化的服务,满足老年人需求,有针对性地进行跌倒预防。Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of elderly people's fall risk perception in nursing institutions.To provide theoretical basis for elderly people in nursing institutions to improve their perceived ability of falling risk,and to improve their subjective initiative of fall prevention.Methods:Using convenience sampling method,a total of 460 elderly people from 6 nursing institutions in Hebei province from June to November 2023 were selected as research objects.The General Data Questionnaire,the Elderly Fall Risk Perception Scale and the Morse Fall Assessment Scale were used to investigate.The differences of fall risk and risk perception among elderly people in nursing institutions were analyzed.Results:Among 460 elderly people in nursing institutions,255(55.4%)persons accorded with their own fall risk assessment.And 143(31.1%)people underestimated their own fall risk.And 62(13.5%)persons overestimated their own fall risk.Occupation,body type,whether the combination of medical and nursing care,diet and nutrition,the degree of knowledge understanding of fall,taking more than two kinds of drugs were the influencing factors of underestimating the risk of fall among the elderly in nursing institutions(P<0.05).Sleep time,health education on fall prevention,the score of Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)and taking more than two kinds of drugs were the influencing factors of overestimating the fall risk among elderly people in nursing institutions(P<0.05).Conclusion:The elderly people in nursing institutions had a high level of fall risk perception.However some elderly people had perception bias.It suggested that to provide personalized services in nursing institutions,and to meet the needs of the elderly and to carry out targeted fall prevention.

关 键 词：养老机构 老年人 跌倒风险 风险感知 影响因素 

分 类 号：R473.2[医药卫生—护理学]