反思《民法典》第1230条在环境公益诉讼中的适用  

Revisiting the application of Article 1230 of the Civil Code in environmental public interest litigation

作　　者：谢凡 XIE Fan

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期109-119,148,共12页Journal of Southeast University(Philosophy and Social Science)

摘　　要：将《民法典》第1230条这一针对私法意义上环境侵权诉讼制定的证明责任分配规则不加甄别,直接“平移”适用于环境民事公益诉讼的因果关系判断中,会忽视了后者作为新类型诉讼的复杂性和特殊性。从本质上看,《民法典》第1230条是对环境侵权诉讼因果关系“证明责任倒置”的“一刀切”式规定,而环境民事公益诉讼普遍涉及单纯的环境利益,且又关乎公共利益,所以该条不宜作为分配后者因果关系证明责任的固定根据。《民法典》第1230条在环境民事公益诉讼中的适用,应由裁判者结合相关司法解释的规定,根据当事人能力、证据偏在情况、证明之困难度等个案具体情况斟酌裁量决定。The indiscriminate“transplant”of Article 1230 of the Civil Code—a rule designed for allocating the burden of proof in private environmental tort litigation—into the determination of causation in environmental civil public interest litigation overlooks the complexity and distinctiveness of the latter as a novel legal category.Fundamentally,Article 1230 imposes a one-size-fits-all inversion of the burden of proof for causation in private environmental tort cases.However,environmental public interest litigation predominantly addresses pure environmental harm intertwined with public welfare,rendering this article ill-suited as a rigid basis for assigning the burden of proof in such cases.The application of Article 1230 in environmental public interest litigation should instead be subject to judicial discretion,guided by relevant judicial interpretations and tailored to case-specific factors such as parties’capacities to furnish evidence,asymmetrical evidence distribution and practical difficulties in proving causation.

关 键 词：《民法典》第1230条 环境民事公益诉讼 环境侵权诉讼 证明责任 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]