从蜀汉南征的历史叙事看魏晋史家的“大一统”思想  

On the“National Unification”Thought of Wei and Jin Historians from the Historical Narration of Southern Expedition of the Kingdom of Shu and Han

作　　者：高迎翀 GAO Yingchong(Faculty of History,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing,China 102400)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学历史学院,北京102400

出　　处：《昆明学院学报》2025年第2期90-96,共7页Journal of Kunming University

摘　　要：基于魏晋南北朝时期《三国志》《华阳国志》以及《汉晋春秋》等著述对蜀汉南征一事的记载,文章采用文献分析与比较研究等方法,结合学界对中国古代“大一统”格局及思想的已有研究认为:裴松之以注释的方式,弥补《三国志》原文对蜀汉南征缘由叙事的不足,并强调蜀汉“据正道而临有罪”的军政立场,体现了裴注的“大一统”意识;常璩与习凿齿对蜀汉的南征历程详加叙述,体现了二人撰述的桑梓情怀、正统观念及其渴望“天下一统”的思想共性;陈寿和裴松之着重记载了蜀汉经营南中的诸项措施,包括孔明等人在南中地区的行政建制改废、安抚不同军政势力、重用南中大姓等。这些记载,在揭示蜀汉逐步使“夷人”“渐服属于汉”的同时,也让史家的“大一统”思想得到集中呈现。总体来讲,魏晋史家对孔明南征一事的叙述,既揭示了蜀汉政权努力维护西南地区局部统一、逐步践行“大一统”使命的历史事实,又呈现出陈寿、裴松之、常璩及习凿齿诸人从不同视角表述其“大一统”思想的别样一面,彰显了身处不同时代、隶属不同政权史家的思想共性。Based on the detailed records of the Southern Expedition of the King of Shu and Han in Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms,Huayang Chorography and the Spring and Autumn of the Eastern Jin Dynasties during Wei-Jin period and the Southern and Northern dynasties,adopting the methods of literature analysis and comparative research,combining with the existing researches on the pattern and thought of the National Unification in ancient China,this paper argues that Pei Songzhi uses annotations to make up for the lack of narrative of the cause of the southern expedition of the Kingdom of Shu and Han in the original version of Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms,and emphasizes the military and political stance of the King of Shu Han,that is,“being guilty according to the right path”,which reflects Pei Zhu's consciousness of National Unification.Chang Qu and Xi Zaochi provided a detailed account of the southern expedition,reflecting the ideological commonality of their homesick,orthodox ideas and the desire of the National Unification.Chen Shou and Pei Songzhi focused on the measures taken by the Kingdom of Shu Han for southwest China,including the administrative system of reform and abolition by Kong Ming and his colleagues,pacification of of different military and political forces and putting the celebrities of southwest China and so on.These records,revealing that the“Yi people”were gradually subordinated to the Han,show intensively the historians'thought of the National Unification.Generally,the Wei and Jin historians'descriptions of Kong Ming's southern expedition not only reveal the historical facts which is Shu and Han regime's efforts to maintain the partial unification of the southwest region and gradually implement the mission of the National Unification,but also present the different perspectives from Chen Shou,Pei Songzhi,Chang Qu,and Xi Zaochi to express their ideas of the National Unification,highlighting the ideological commonality of historians in different eras with different regimes.

关 键 词：蜀汉南征 魏晋时期 大一统 南中 诸葛亮 

分 类 号：K236[历史地理—历史学]