液体火箭发动机典型承力结构动态拓扑优化设计  

Dynamic topology optimization design of typical load-bearing structures in liquid rocket engines

作　　者：朱兆基 樊勋 董龙雷[1] 王玉涛 冯秀志 王珺[2] ZHU Zhaoji;FAN Xun;DONG Longlei;WANG Yutao;FENG Xiuzhi;WANG Jun(State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;Xi’an Aerospace Propulsion Institute,Xi’an 710100,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学复杂服役环境重大装备结构强度与寿命全国重点实验室,西安710049 [2]西安航天动力研究所,西安710100

出　　处：《航天器环境工程》2025年第2期152-158,共7页Spacecraft Environment Engineering

基　　金：航天基金项目(编号:909010106)。

摘　　要：为满足液体火箭发动机承力结构在振动和冲击复杂力学环境下的环境适应性和轻量化设计要求,文章提出一种包括静力学优化、动力学优化和随机振动优化的动态拓扑优化流程,并开展多工况多目标的拓扑优化设计。通过静力分析,将总柔度值作为约束施加于随机振动优化工况中;动力学优化聚焦于优化固有频率,避免低阶模态产生共振,进而提升结构的抗振性能。基于OptiStruct软件平台,结合参数灵敏度分析,确保优化设计在复杂载荷条件下的高效收敛和稳定性,并通过动态柔度、振动响应与体积约束的综合优化,提高火箭发动机在复杂服役环境中的性能表现。最后对某型液体火箭发动机的典型承力结构进行了改进,结果表明:在总体质量减小30%并满足复杂力学环境适应性的条件下,优化后的承力结构一阶固有模态频率和动态响应特性得到显著改善。该动态拓扑优化流程可为后续液体火箭发动机复杂结构优化设计提供参考。A dynamic topology optimization process for the load-bearing structure of liquid rocket engines was presented in this study.This study focused on environmental adaptability and lightweight design of these structures under complex vibration and shock conditions.The process incorporated a comprehensive optimization approach encompassing static,dynamic,and random vibration aspects,ensuring multi-condition and multiobjective design.Static analysis-derived total compliance served as a constraint in the random vibration optimization.Dynamic optimization focused on optimizing the natural frequencies to avoid resonance in the lowfrequency modes,thereby improving the structural seismic performance.Parametric sensitivity analysis and the OptiStruct platform ensured efficient convergence and stability under complex loading conditions.By integrating dynamic stiffness,vibration response,and mass constraints,the optimized design achieved a 30%reduction in overall mass while meeting environmental adaptability requirements.The first-order natural frequency and dynamic response characteristics of the optimized load-bearing structure were significantly improved.The developed process serves as a reference for the optimization design of complex structures in liquid rocket engines in the future.

关 键 词：液体火箭发动机 动态拓扑优化 固有频率 随机振动 环境适应性 

分 类 号：V434.12[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]