高量级冲击试验中橡胶波形发生器动力学特性分析  

Dynamic characteristics analysis of rubber waveform generators in high-grade impact testing

作　　者：任志强 李新明[1] 沈志强[1] 晏廷飞[1] 刘闯[1] 杨艳静[1] REN Zhiqiang;LI Xinming;SHEN Zhiqiang;YAN Tingfei;LIU Chuang;YANG Yanjing(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environmental Engineering,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京卫星环境工程研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《航天器环境工程》2025年第2期181-190,共10页Spacecraft Environment Engineering

基　　金：装备发展部研发项目。

摘　　要：针对航天器在发射、爆炸分离、着陆等关键过程中遭遇的极端冲击环境,提出一种基于达芬方程的非线性动力学模型,用于精确预测和控制高量级冲击试验中橡胶波形发生器产生的半正弦波形。研究构建波形发生器的非线性弹性力模型,并导出相应的动力学方程,采用龙格-库塔法进行方程的数值求解。利用刚度等效原则,建立波形发生器的数值模型,并通过气动式冲击试验机进行半正弦波形的模拟试验。基于冲击试验数据,应用局部搜索优化算法对模型参数进行了优化。试验验证结果表明,模型预测的加速度峰值和脉宽误差分别小于10%和5%,具有较高的准确度。该模型为高量级冲击试验的波形预测与控制提供了理论依据和技术支持。In response to the extreme shock environments encountered during spacecraft launch,explosive separation,and landing,a nonlinear dynamic model based on the Duffing equation was proposed for the precise prediction and control of half-sine waveforms generated by rubber waveform generators in high-grade impact testing.The dynamic equation for the waveform generator was derived based on a nonlinear elastic force model;the Runge-Kutta method was employed for numerical solutions.By applying the principle of equivalent stiffness,a numerical simulation model of the waveform generator was established,and half-sine waveform simulations were conducted using a pneumatic impact testing machine.Based on the shock test data,a local search optimization algorithm was used to optimize the model parameters.The test validation results demonstrate that the predicted acceleration peak and pulse width closely match the experimental results,with errors less than 10%and 5%,respectively.This model provides a theoretical foundation and technical support for the prediction and control of waveforms in high-grade impact testing.

关 键 词：半正弦波形发生器 非线性动力学 冲击试验 等效刚度 数值仿真 参数优化算法 

分 类 号：O343[理学—固体力学] V416.2[理学—力学]