语文辞书释义提示词“泛指”的功能定位及使用建议  

Functional Orientation and Use Recommendations for Definition Prompt“Generic Reference”in Chinese Dictionaries

作　　者：戴俊豪 DAI Junhao(Research Institute of International Chinese Language Education,Beijing Language and Culture University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学国际中文教育研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《鲁东大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期15-22,共8页Ludong University Journal:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：北京语言大学研究生创新基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金)(24YCX021)。

摘　　要：“泛指”是语文辞书中使用频率较高的释义提示词,但是目前并没有关于“泛指”使用的明确规范和标准,“泛指”在语文辞书间和辞书内部存在使用不一致的情况。“泛指”的功能定位为:当某个表示下位义的词语用于表示上位义时,由“泛指”提示这一上位义。作为释义提示词,“泛指”的使用应当是明确且唯一的,具备上下位关系是使用“泛指”的必要条件。文章建议概念外延扩大的词语宜用“泛指”提示其上位义,疑问代词的非疑问用法不宜使用“泛指”,部分理据不明的词语应补充词义的引申由来。“Generic reference”is a definition prompt frequently used in Chinese dictionaries.However,there are currently no explicit norms for the use of“generic reference”,resulting in inconsistent applications among different Chinese dictionaries and within a dictionary.The functional orientation of“generic reference”is to indicate a superordinate meaning when a word representing a subordinate meaning is used to express the superordinate meaning.As a definition prompt,the use of“generic reference”should be unambiguous and exclusive,and the existence of hyponymy relationship is a necessary condition for employing“generic reference”.The article suggests that words with expanded conceptual extensions should be marked with“generic reference”to indicate their superordinate meanings.The non-interrogative uses of interrogative pronouns should not be marked with“generic reference”.For some words with unclear etymologies,the extended meanings should be supplemented with their derivations.

关 键 词：语文辞书 释义提示词 “泛指” 功能定位 概念外延 上下位关系 

分 类 号：H164[语言文字—汉语]