论致命性自主武器系统的人类责任向度  

The Human Responsibility Dimension of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems

作　　者：江河[1,2] 李子悦 JIANG He;LI Ziyue(Law School,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China;Institute of International Rule of Law and National Security,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院,湖北武汉430073 [2]中南财经政法大学国际法治与国家安全研究所,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《宁波大学学报(人文科学版)》2025年第3期15-30,共16页Journal of Ningbo University:Liberal Arts Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“国际法价值体系的和谐同构研究”(23AFX023)。

摘　　要：第三次人工智能浪潮正引发新一轮军事革命,大量具备自主决策攻击能力的武器已经投入实战应用。致命性自主武器系统可能导致严重违反人道法的灾难后果,而现行国际法律责任框架尚未发挥合理识别风险和分配责任的功能。“有意义的人类控制”是当前国际社会就致命性自主武器系统议题达成的基本共识,应蕴含预防、集体、实效三重理念,分别从法的价值论、主体论和运行论三重维度提供实践指引。预防理念主动以价值理念平衡技术发展与法律风险,集体理念强调国家作为集体性行为主体的独特性,实效理念面向现有规则的充分遵守和适用。在致命性自主武器系统国际法规则的萌芽时期,相较于事后视角的问责制度,预防义务及其事前视角更能发挥以终为始的作用。The third wave of artificial intelligence is triggering a new round of military revolution,and a large number of weapons with autonomous decision-making and attack capacity have been put into practical combat application.Lethal autonomous weapon systems lead to catastrophic consequences of serious violations of humanitarian law,while the applicable primary and secondary rules under the current legal framework of international responsibility do not serve to identify risks and attribute responsibility.The international community has reached a consensus on the topic of lethal autonomous weapon systems,which refers to“Meaningful human control”,containing the triple conception of prevention,collectivity,and effectiveness,and provide practical guidance for the improvement of the international responsibility rules for lethal autonomous weapon systems from the three legal dimensions of value,subject,and operation.The conception of prevention is oriented to balance the technological development of lethal autonomous weapon systems and their legal risks with value conception,the collective conception is to play the unique role of states as collective actors,and the conception of effectiveness is oriented to the full application and compliance of existing rules in the process of connecting the lex lata and lex ferenda.In the embryonic period of international regulatory regimes for lethal autonomous weapon systems,obligations of prevention and its ex ante perspective can play a more important role in starting with the end in mind than the ex post perspective of accountability regime.

关 键 词：人类控制 致命性 自主武器系统 国家责任 预防义务 软法 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学]