锰污染盐碱地农业作物栽培的适应性人工土壤修复研究  

Artificial Soil Remediation for Crop Cultivation in Manganese-Contaminated Saline-Alkaline Soils

作　　者：孙一[1] 郭维新[1] 岳雷[1] 武婷[1] 曹平平 SUN Yi;GUO Weixin;YUE Lei;WU Ting;CAO Pingping(Cangzhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Cangzhou,Hebei 061001,China)

机构地区：[1]沧州市农林科学院,河北沧州061001

出　　处：《中国锰业》2025年第1期98-102,共5页China Manganese Industry

基　　金：沧州市重大科技专项(编号:224304002Z)。

摘　　要：为消除锰污染盐碱地对农业生产的制约,以河北省唐山市滦南县某锰污染盐碱地作为试验地点,探究玉米秸秆生物炭、小麦秸秆生物炭及其混合生物炭对土壤修复、苋菜生长及微生物群落的协同效应。通过设置对照组、玉米秸秆生物炭组、小麦秸秆生物炭组及混合组,在60 d温室实验中系统监测土壤理化性质、苋菜生物量及微生物丰度。结果表明,玉米秸秆生物炭组使土壤锰含量显著降低至310.30 mg/kg,降幅为31.05%,优于小麦秸秆生物炭组的331.20 mg/kg及混合组的312.40 mg/kg。玉米秸秆生物炭组苋菜株高、叶面积及干重分别为20.5 cm、120.5 cm^(2)、2.34 g/株,整株锰积累量降低了16.2%。微生物分析显示,玉米秸秆生物炭组细菌丰度达8.53×106活菌数量/g,较对照组提升了63.4%,并显著促进功能菌群增殖。研究表明,玉米秸秆生物炭通过多孔吸附、盐碱缓冲及微生物激活的协同机制,可高效修复锰污染盐碱地,为区域农业可持续发展和生态安全提供了低成本技术方案。To mitigating the adverse effects of manganese-contaminated saline-alkaline soils on crop production,a greenhouse experiment was conducted in Luannan County,Tangshan,Hebei Province,to evaluate the effects of corn-stover biochar,wheat-straw biochar,and their mixture on soil remediation,amaranth growth,and microbial communities.Over 60 days,soil properties,amaranth biomass,and microbial abundance were monitored in control and biochar-treated groups.Results showed that corn-stover biochar significantly reduced soil manganese to 310.30 mg/kg(a 31.05%decrease),outperforming both wheat-straw biochar(331.20 mg/kg)and the mixture(312.40 mg/kg).Corn-stover biochar also enhanced amaranth growth,increasing plant height(20.5 cm),leaf area(120.5 cm^(2)),and dry weight(2.34 g/plant),while reducing manganese accumulation by 16.2%.Microbial analysis indicated that corn-stover biochar increased bacterial abundance to 8.53×10^(6)viable cells/g(63.4%higher than the control)and stimulated the proliferation of functional microbiota.The study demonstrates that corn-stover biochar effectively remediates manganese-contaminated saline-alkaline soils through porous adsorption,saline-alkaline buffering,and microbial activation,providing a low-cost strategy for sustainable agriculture.

关 键 词：锰污染 盐碱地 生物炭 苋菜 土壤修复 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]