社区老年人主观认知下降的潜类别及相关因素分析  

Analysis of Latent Classes of Subjective Cognitive Decline and Its Related Factors in the Elderly in Community

作　　者：吴慧敏 罗艳艳[2] 姚桂英[2] 张桂凌[3] 孙俊俊 冯星慧 WU Huimin;LUO Yanyan;YAO Guiying;ZHANG Guilin;SUN Junjun;FENG Xinghui(School of Medicine,SIAS University,Zhengzhou,451110,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]郑州西亚斯学院医学院,河南郑州451110 [2]新乡医学院护理学院,河南新乡453003 [3]新乡市中心医院科教科,河南新乡453000

出　　处：《中国社会医学杂志》2025年第2期202-206,共5页Chinese Journal of Social Medicine

基　　金：河南省高等学校重点科研项目资助计划项目(21A310013);河南省研究生教育改革与质量提升工程项目(HNYJS2020JD11)。

摘　　要：目的分析社区老年人主观认知下降的潜类别特点及影响因素。方法于2021年3-7月,采用便利抽样法选取新乡市1163名社区老年人为研究对象,采用一般情况调查表、主观认知下降量表、简版自我感知老化量表、广泛性焦虑量表、患者健康问卷和简易智能精神状态量表进行调查;采用潜类别分析和多因素Logistic回归分析探讨社区老年人主观认知下降的潜类别及影响因素。结果潜类别分析结果显示,社区老年人主观认知下降状况可分为四个类别:主观认知良好组(17.0%)、主观认知明显下降组(3.5%)、主观记忆差伴能力受损组(60.8%)及主观记忆差伴能力完好组(18.7%)。以主观认知良好组为参照进行多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,女性(OR=3.34,95%CI 1.049~10.634)、自我感知老化(OR=1.16,95%CI 1.096~1.431)是主观认知明显下降组的危险因素,认知功能水平高(OR=0.85,95%CI 0.751~0.954)是其保护因素;女性(OR=1.60,95%CI 1.001~2.566)、无配偶(OR=1.92,95%CI 1.093~3.379)、自我感知老化(OR=1.05,95%CI 1.017~1.074)、抑郁(OR=1.15,95%CI 1.014~1.307)、焦虑(OR=1.12,95%CI 1.003~1.248)是主观记忆差伴能力受损组的危险因素,认知功能水平高(OR=0.91,95%CI 0.845~0.979)和感知身体状况健康(OR=0.43,95%CI 0.253~0.727)是其保护因素;未发现主观记忆差伴能力完好组的影响因素。结论社区老年人主观认知下降状况存在明显分类特征,与自我感知老化、抑郁和客观认知水平关系密切,提示应对不同类别主观认知下降的老年人进行针对性干预。Objective To explore the latent classes and related factors of subjective cognitive decline of the elderly in community.Methods From March to July 2021,1163 community elderly in Xinxiang were recruited as research participants by convenience sampling method.All participants were investigated by the General Information Questionnaires,Subjective Cognitive Decline,The Brief Ageing Perceptions Questionnaire,Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale,Patient Health Questionnaire and Mini-mental State Examination;Latent classes analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the latent classes of subjective cognitive decline and it's related factors.Results The results of latent classes analysis showed that the subjective cognitive decline of the community elderly could be identified into four classes,namely,good subjective cognition group(17.0%),significantly SCD group(3.5%),subjective memory decline with ability impaired group(60.8%),subjective memory decline with normal ability group(18.7%).Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted with the good subjective cognition group as the reference,and the results showed female(OR=3.34,95%CI 1.049-10.634)and self-perceptions of aging(OR=1.16,95%CI 1.096-1.431)were the risk factors,while the high level of cognitive function(OR=0.85,95%CI 0.751-0.954)was the protective factor to the significantly SCD group;female(OR=1.60,95%CI 1.001-2.566),widow(OR=1.92,95%CI 1.093-3.379),self-perceptions of aging(OR=1.05,95%CI 1.017-1.074),depression(OR=1.15,95%CI 1.014-1.307)and anxiety(OR=1.12,95%CI 1.003-1.248)were risk factors,while high level cognitive function(OR=0.91,95%CI 0.845-0.979)and self-perceived health(OR=0.43,95%CI 0.253-0.727)were protective factors to the subjective memory decline with ability impaired group.In this study,we did not find any related factors with subjective memory decline with normal ability group.Conclusion It suggests that subjective cognitive decline in community elderly could be identified as 4 different classes.Anxiety,d

关 键 词：社区老年人 主观认知下降 潜类别分析 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]