海洋光伏对水环境典型要素影响:进展、热点与挑战  

Impacts of marine photovoltaics on typical water environment factors:progress,hotspots,and challenges

作　　者：张飞 方子帆 王鹏 徐浩威 周静茹 郑凯旋 陈智雄 石昊 ZHANG Fei;FANG Zifan;WANG Peng;XU Haowei;ZHOU Jingru;ZHENG Kaixuan;CHEN Zhixiong;SHI Hao(College of Geography and Environmental Sciences,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 321004,China;Zhejiang Academy of Marine Science,Hangzhou 310012,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学地理与环境科学学院,浙江金华321004 [2]浙江省海洋科学院,浙江杭州310012

出　　处：《浙江师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期121-132,共12页Journal of Zhejiang Normal University:Natural Sciences

基　　金：自然资源部部省合作资助项目(2024ZRBSHZ146);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42261006);浙江师范大学“双龙学者”特聘教授科研启动基金项目(YS304023975)。

摘　　要：为探究海洋光伏的发展对水环境的影响,通过查阅国内外海洋光伏相关文献,并进行分析与归纳,综述了海洋光伏对水环境中的水体微量元素、水温和水体生物可能带来的问题与挑战.结果表明:海洋光伏产业发展潜力巨大,全球海洋光伏规划装机量已达到10 GW,预计在未来5年内将实现年均22%以上的增长率;在水体微量元素方面,各种不同光伏电站所使用的光伏材料暴露在海洋环境中,可能会与海水中的元素发生反应,对水体造成影响;在水温方面,不同水面光伏布局对水温产生不同的时间和空间累积效应,会影响海水的水文特性;在水体生物方面,光伏电站的安装和运行会造成水体光照分布存在差异,而光照可以直接影响浮游植物和浮游动物的丰度、垂直分布和体尺,从而影响太阳辐射对植物的光合作用,进而对海洋初级生产力产生影响.目前关于海洋光伏对水环境影响的研究尚处于起步阶段,本文的研究可以为促进海洋光伏的可持续发展提供理论基础和实践指导.In order to explore the impact of the development of marine photovoltaics on the marine environment,relevant literature on marine photovoltaics systems from both domestic and international sources was reviewed,analyzed,and summarized.It was highlighted potential issues and challenges that marine photovoltaics would pose to key water environmental factors,including trace elements in water,water temperature,and aquatic organisms.The results showed that the marine photovoltaics industry had significant growth potential,global marine photovoltaics installation capacity had reached 10 GW,and an annual growth rate of over 22%expected in the next five years;In terms of trace elements,the materials used in various marine photovoltaics systems,when exposed to the marine environment,could react with seawater elements,potentially affect water quality;Regarding water temperature,different marine photovoltaics layout designs on the water surface generated varying time-and spaceaccumulated effects on water temperature,which could influence the hydrological characteristics of seawater;As for aquatic organisms,the installation and operation of marine photovoltaics systems altered the distribution of light in the water,which directly affected the abundance,vertical distribution,and size of plankton,thereby influenced the solar radiation available for plant photosynthesis,consequently,affected the primary productivity in the marine ecosystem.Researches on the impact of marine photovoltaics on the marine environment was still in its early stages,and the presented investigation results could provide a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the sustainable development of marine photovoltaics.

关 键 词：海洋光伏 水环境 生物多样性 可持续发展 对策建议 

分 类 号：TQ174[化学工程—陶瓷工业]