男女生命历程变动对两性同龄延迟退休的政策启示——基于生命表技术的分析  

Policy Implications of Changes in Male and Female LifeCourses for Gender-neutral Delayed Retirement:An Analysis Based on Life Table Techniques

作　　者：孙永健 陈友华 SUN Yongjian;CHEN Youhua(School of Journalism and Communication,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;School of Humanities,Southeast University,Nanjing 211102,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学新闻传播学院,江苏南京210023 [2]东南大学人文学院,江苏南京211102

出　　处：《杭州师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期121-136,共16页Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“人口高质量发展视角下积极应对老龄化问题研究”(23&ZD186);江苏省社会科学基金重点项目“江苏促进人口高质量发展的思路和对策研究”(JSZY202402)的研究成果。

摘　　要：延迟退休政策的性别同步化变革愈发迫切与重要。基于生命历程理论和生命表分析技术,通过测算与比较中国两性人口预期的寿命、在学、工作、退休、养老金领取等系列生命状态的年限,“延迟退休新政”对两性人口的影响可以进行深化研究。研究发现,随着预期寿命的显著延长,女性相较于男性的学习期更长、工作期更短,但法定和实际退休年龄更早,且养老金领取期更长,结果是女性全生命周期中的“工作/退休比”明显低于男性。由于对女性的过度“保护”和对两性身心差异的误判,此次延迟退休政策未能有效缩减退休年龄的性别差距,结果仍旧导致女性收入较低、养老金待遇较差与职业发展受限,并可能加剧家庭无酬劳动负担。为此,我国延迟退休制度改革需要从推动两性同龄退休、延长女性工作年限、提升女性就业机会、缓解女性老年贫困、倡导性别平等理念等方面加以推进。The push for gender-equitable reforms in delayed retirement policies is becoming increasingly urgent and significant.Drawing on life course theory and life table analysis,this study examines and compares key life states—such as life expectancy,years spent in education,employment,retirement,and pension receipt—between men and women in China.The findings reveal that,with substantial increases in life expectancy,women tend to have longer periods of education and shorter periods of employment compared to men,while their statutory and actual retirement ages remain lower.Additionally,women have a longer pension receipt period,resulting in a significantly lower“work/retirement ratio”over their lifetimes compared to that of men.Due to excessive“protection”for women and misconceptions about gender-based physical and psychological differences,the recent delayed retirement policy has failed to effectively narrow the gender gap in retirement age.Consequently,women continue to face lower lifetime earnings,reduced pension benefits,constrained career development,and potentially increased burdens of unpaid household labor.To address these challenges,this paper proposes recommendations for achieving gender equality in retirement policy reform,including promoting gender-neutral retirement ages,extending women's working years,enhancing women's access to employment resources,mitigating poverty among elderly women,and advocating for gender equality in social values.

关 键 词：延迟退休 性别平等 两性人口 生命历程 生命表 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济] D669.6[经济管理—国民经济]