基于宏基因组测序技术揭示渗滤液处理工艺对微生物功能的影响  

Metagenomic Insights into the Effects of Leachate Treatment Processeson Microbial Functions

作　　者：唐娜 常宁 沈伟涛 陈苹 张圣虎 朱锐 胡双庆 康国栋 鲁磊磊 TANG Na;CHANG Ning;SHEN Weitao;CHEN Ping;ZHANG Shenghu;ZHU Rui;HU Shuangqing;KANG Guodong;LU Leilei(Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences,Shanghai 200233,China;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing 210042,China;Hohhot Ecological Environment Monitoring Center,Hohhot 010000,China;School of Engineering,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 211198,China;Inner Mongolia Autonomous Ecological Environment Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Corps,Hohhot 010000,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市环境科学研究院生态环境部新污染物环境健康影响评价重点实验室,上海200233 [2]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042 [3]呼和浩特市生态环境监控中心,呼和浩特010000 [4]中国药科大学工学院,南京211198 [5]内蒙古自治区生态环境综合行政执法总队,呼和浩特010000

出　　处：《鲁东大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期129-139,共11页Journal of Ludong University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：生态环境部新污染物环境健康影响评价重点实验室开放基金(SEPKL-EHIAEC-202208)。

摘　　要：在垃圾的卫生填埋过程中会产生富含高浓度有机物与大量氨氮的垃圾渗滤液。目前,针对渗滤液的处理广泛采用膜生物反应器(MBR)技术,以实现高效去除高浓度污染物。然而,关于MBR对渗滤液中微生物功能的影响,特别是高级膜处理工艺对其的具体作用,尚存诸多未知。本研究收集了来自4个不同渗滤液处理阶段的样品,涵盖未处理(T HHS1)、超滤(T BS3)、纳滤(T BS4)及反渗透(T BS5)等关键环节。通过宏基因组测序技术对渗滤液源微生物功能基因进行分析,探索不同处理阶段微生物群落结构的变化及其对渗滤液源微生物碳、氮、磷循环相关基因的影响。研究结果显示,MBR技术显著降低了渗滤液中微生物菌群的丰度与多样性。具体而言,在渗滤液的处理流程中,Pseudomonadales和Burkholderiales通过L-乳酸脱氢酶基因及CO脱氢酶小亚基(coxA)基因的活跃表达,推动了碳循环的顺畅进行;而Pseudomonadales作为氮循环的核心驱动力,深刻影响着氮素的转化过程;此外,磷循环受到Pseudomonadales与Rhodobacterales的精细调控。本研究深入探讨了MBR系统在调控渗滤液源微生物生物驱动的物质转化中的重要作用,为优化渗滤液处理工艺、减轻渗滤液源基因环境污染提供了数据支撑与科学依据。Sanitary landfill operations generate leachate with high concentrations of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen.Membrane bioreactor(MBR)technology is widely employed for leachate treatment to efficiently remove these pollutants.However,the impact of MBR systems on the functional roles of microorganisms within leachate,particularly the specific effects of advanced membrane treatment processes,remains insufficiently understood.In this study,samples were collected from four key stages of leachate treatment:untreatment(T HHS1),ultrafiltration(T BS3),nanofiltration(T BS4),and reverse osmosis(T BS5).Metagenomic sequencing was utilized to analyze the functional genes of leachate-derived microorganisms,aiming to investigate changes in microbial community structure across different treatment stages and their influence on genes related to carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus cycling.The results indicated that MBR technology significantly reduced the abundance and diversity of microbial communities in leachate.Specifically,during the treatment process,Pseudomonadales and Burkholderiales played a pivotal role in facilitating the carbon cycle through the active expression of the L-lactate dehydrogenase gene and the CO dehydrogenase small subunit(coxA)gene.Notably,Pseudomonadales served as the key driver of the nitrogen cycle,exerting profound influence on nitrogen transformation processes.Furthermore,the phosphorus cycle was intricately regulated by Pseudomonadales and Rhodobacterales.This study investigates the pivotal role of the MBR system in regulating the microbial-driven transformation of substances in leachate sources.The findings offer valuable data and scientific insights for optimizing leachate treatment processes and mitigating environmental pollution caused by leachate-derived genes.

关 键 词：垃圾渗滤液 膜生物反应器 微生物群落 宏基因组 元素循环分析 

分 类 号：Q89[生物学]