广义补贴理论视角下兼顾效率与公平的高速铁路价值探析  

Analysis on the Value of High Speed Railway Considering Efficiency and Fairness from the Perspective of Generalized Subsidy Theory

作　　者：张爱萍 罗燊 李红昌[3] ZHANG Aiping;LUO Shen;LI Hongchang(School of Management,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China;School of Economics and Management,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China;School of Economics and Management,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学管理学院,北京100048 [2]华北电力大学经济与管理学院,北京102206 [3]北京交通大学经济管理学院,北京100044

出　　处：《铁道经济研究》2025年第2期19-27,共9页Railway Economics Research

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划重大课题(K2023Z001)。

摘　　要：中国高速铁路快速发展,在人口集聚、产业发展和城镇化等效率方面成效显著,但同时也存在高速铁路负债、区域异质等公平问题的争议。以广义补贴理论为基础,建立公平体系函数,从不同维度的高速铁路感知价值中确定效率与公平平衡策略。在企业和市场维度,选择最小范围公平,兼顾高速铁路经营性与公益性,提升铁路企业财务可持续能力;在行业和区域维度,客观认识“胡焕庸线”,因地制宜建立多层次综合交通体系,采取分区域定价方式,追求底线公平;在社会和福利维度,客观认识人均实质时空压缩作用,以实质公平实现公共服务均等化。广义补贴理论视角下兼顾效率与公平,通过各个相关市场主体不同维度的政策调整,实现消费者公平价值和效率价值的均衡,在充分发挥高速铁路效率优势的前提下,实现兼顾公平的高速铁路总价值最大化。With the rapid development of China's high speed railway,it has achieved remarkable results in population agglomera‐tion,industrial development and urbanization.However,there are also disputes on fairness issues such as high speed railway liabili‐ties and regional heterogeneity.Based on the generalized subsidy theory,the fairness system function is established,and the balance strategy between efficiency and fairness is determined from the perceived value of high speed railway in different dimensions.In the dimension of enterprise and market,we should choose the minimum scope of fairness,take into account the operation and public welfare of high speed railway,and enhance the financial sustainability of railway enterprises.In the dimension of industry and re‐gion,we should objectively understand the"Hu Huanyong Line",establish a multi-level comprehensive transportation system ac‐cording to local conditions,adopt sub-regional pricing methods,and pursue bottom-line fairness.In the dimension of society and welfare,we should objectively understand the real time and space compression effect per capita,and realize the equalization of pub‐lic services with real fairness.From the perspective of generalized subsidy theory,both efficiency and fairness are taken into account.Through the policy adjustment of different dimensions of relevant market entities,the balance between consumers'fairness value and efficiency value is realized,and the total value of high speed railway with fairness is maximized on the premise of giving full play to the efficiency advantages of high speed railway.

关 键 词：高速铁路价值 广义补贴 公平体系函数 效率价值 公平价值 财务可持续性 底线公平 “胡焕庸线” 实质公平 

分 类 号：U2-9[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] F53[经济管理—产业经济]