神经检测技术量化运动员脑特征的研究进展  

Research progress in neuroimaging techniques for quantifying athletes′ brain

作　　者：于瀛 张莉清[1] 王立娟[1] 亓丰学 YU Ying;ZHANG Liqing;WANG Lijuan;QI Fengxue(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《军事医学》2025年第2期144-151,共8页Military Medical Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(22YJCZH136);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助课题(2022QN011,2024YDXL004);北京体育大学高层次人才科研启动项目(3101037);北京体育大学研究生拔尖创新科研项目(20221008)。

摘　　要：神经检测技术是一类用于研究和监测神经系统活动变化的方法和工具。通过梳理国内外神经检测技术量化运动员脑特征的研究,综述结构性磁共振成像、功能性磁共振成像、近红外脑功能成像、经颅磁刺激、脑电图等技术检测运动员大脑的特异性变化。研究表明,开放式运动项目增加运动员执行控制、运动感觉、视觉、平衡协调相关的脑体积和静息态功能连接,而封闭式运动项目减少运动员情景记忆、情绪加工和执行功能相关的脑体积和静息态功能连接;运动员与执行功能、身体意识、运动学习、情景记忆相关脑区在任务态时有更强的激活;运动员具有较高的神经兴奋和神经效率。未来应通过多模态神经检测技术探究运动训练和大脑之间的关联,以期在运动员选材、实时状态监测以及长期训练监控等方面发挥重要作用。Neuroimaging techniques are tools used to investigate and monitor the activity of the nervous system.This study reviews studies that have attempted to quantify athletes′brain using neuroimaging techniques,and summarizes the specific changes in athletes′brain as evidenced by structural magnetic resonance imaging,functional magnetic resonance imaging,functional near-infrared spectroscopy,transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography.Open-skill sports have been found to increase the brain volume and resting-state functional connectivity related to athletes′executive control,somatosensory processing,vision,and balance coordination,whereas closed-skill sports may decrease the brain volume and resting-state functional connectivity related to athletes′episodic memory,emotional processing and executive functions.Brain regions associated with executive functions,body awareness,motor learning,and episodic memory exhibit stronger activation during tasks.Athletes demonstrate higher neural excitability and neural efficiency.The association between sports training and the brain should be explored through multimodal neuroimaging techniques,which will play a significant role in athlete selection,real-time status monitoring and long-term training supervision.

关 键 词：运动员 脑 训练监控 神经检测技术 

分 类 号：R445[医药卫生—影像医学与核医学] G8[医药卫生—诊断学]