2021年6月1日黑龙江尚志龙卷综合观测分析  

Analysis on comprehensive observations of a tornado process in Shangzhi,Heilongjiang on 1 June 2021

作　　者：周炳君 郭建侠[1] 王佳 杨金红[1] 孟昭林[1] 窦有俊 ZHOU Bingjun;GUO Jianxia;WANG Jia;YANG Jinhong;MENG Zhaolin;DOU Youjun(CMA Meteorological Observation Center,Beijing 100081,China;Ningbo Meteorological Observatory,Ningbo 315012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局气象探测中心,北京100081 [2]宁波市气象台,浙江宁波315012

出　　处：《海洋气象学报》2025年第2期41-50,共10页Journal of Marine Meteorology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3004101)。

摘　　要：针对2021年6月1日黑龙江尚志的一次龙卷过程,对龙卷发生的地面风场、雷达回波、天气背景和环境特征进行综合分析。高时空分辨率实况资料显示:(1)尚志龙卷发生在东北冷涡东南侧和500 hPa位势高度的大梯度区,具有高低空急流耦合、高空冷池和低层暖脊叠加、气温垂直递减率较高等特征。(2)龙卷发生前对流有效位能(convective available potential energy,CAPE)升高,随后迅速降低,龙卷移出后又有所增加,龙卷位置为CAPE梯度大值区;龙卷发生发展过程中垂直风切变持续增大,0~6 km垂直风切变的平均增幅在10 m·s^(-1)以上;龙卷路径上并不存在风暴相对螺旋度(storm relative helicity,SRH)的大值区,龙卷发生于SRH大值的西北侧。(3)雷达观测显示此次龙卷为超级单体龙卷,超级单体发展过程伴随多个单体的合并,出现多次钩状回波,穹隆结构加强,垂直剖面上存在明显的悬垂结构。(4)龙卷期间中气旋径向直径和切变表现为随回波增大(减小)同频增大(减小)趋势,而中气旋顶高变化滞后1个体扫左右;龙卷涡旋特征(tornadic vortex signature,TVS)顶高和厚度呈现随回波增强(减弱)而增大(减小)的趋势,TVS最大切变量落后顶高1个体扫左右;龙卷报警产品提前12 min提出龙卷概率为78%,随后迅速增大到100%并维持至18:05,对此次龙卷有较好的预警作用。In studying a tornado process in Shangzhi,Heilongjiang on 1 June 2021,the ground wind field,radar echo,weather background and environmental characteristics of the tornado are comprehensively analyzed.The high spatial-temporal resolution data show the following contents.(1)Occurring in the southeast side of the northeast cold vortex and the large gradient area of 500-hPa geopotential height,the tornado in Shangzhi has the characteristics of the coupling of upper-and low-level jets,the superposition of upper-level cold pool and low-level warm ridge and higher temperature lapse rate.(2)The convective available potential energy(CAPE)increases before the occurrence of the tornado,then decreases rapidly and increases after the removal of the tornado;the tornado is located in the area of high CAPE gradient.During the occurrence and development of the tornado,the vertical wind shear continues to increase,and the average increase of vertical wind shear at 0-6 km is more than 10 m·s^(-1).There is no high value area of storm relative helicity(SRH)on the tornado path,and the tornado occurs in the northwest side of high SRH.(3)Radar observations show that this is a supercell tornado,whose development is accompanied by the merging of multiple cells.Hook echoes occur repeatedly,the vault structure strengthens,and there is an obvious overhanging structure on the vertical section.(4)During the tornado,the radial diameter and shear of the mesocyclone increase(decrease)simultaneously with the increase(decrease)of echoes,while the change of the mesocyclone’s top height lags for about a single volume scan.The top height and thickness of the tornadic vortex signature(TVS)increase(decrease)with echoes’enhancement(weakening),and the maximum shear value of TVS lags behind the top height for about a single volume scan.The tornado alarm product presents a tornado probability of 78%12 min in advance,then rapidly raises it to 100%and maintains until 18:05,which has a good early warning effect on this tornado.

关 键 词：龙卷 环境特征 精细化实况分析场 雷达观测 

分 类 号：P445.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]