秋冬季沙尘传输路径特征及其对华北空气质量的影响  

Characteristics of transport path of autumn-winter dust and its impact on air quality in North China

作　　者：朱文清 高文琦 王文彩 周杨 ZHU Wenqing;GAO Wenqi;WANG Wencai;ZHOU Yang(College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋与大气学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《海洋气象学报》2025年第2期76-88,共13页Journal of Marine Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41875155,41875174)。

摘　　要：利用2015—2018年秋冬季气象及空气质量等资料,分析沙尘发生时华北地区PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)及其他污染物的分布特征,并对秋冬季沙尘的传输路径进行分类。结果表明:秋冬季沙尘的传输路径与500 hPa和850 hPa高空风密切相关,主要分为东向扩散型、东南传输型和东北传输型3类,分别占统计数量的38.9%、38.9%和22.2%。东向扩散型沙尘强度和影响范围最大,华北地区PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)平均质量浓度为156.4μg·m^(-3)和86.1μg·m^(-3)。华北地区风速大,污染物扩散快,东南传输型沙尘强度小,引起的污染在3类沙尘中最轻。东北传输型沙尘对应的华北地区PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)平均质量浓度分别为171.9μg·m^(-3)和117.8μg·m^(-3),在3类沙尘中最高;华北地区地面较低的风速和下沉气流的影响可能导致污染的累积,另外东北传输型沙尘期间平均相对湿度比另两类沙尘期间高4%~5%,尤其在沿海区域相对湿度超过70%,可能会促进二次颗粒物的非均相生成从而加重污染。Based on the meteorological and air quality data in the autumn and winter of 2015-2018,PM_(10),PM_(2.5) and other pollutants during dust events in North China are analyzed,and the transport paths of dust are classified.The results suggest that the transport paths of dust are closely related to the upper-level winds at 500 hPa and 850 hPa.Three types of dust are identified according to the transport paths,namely the Eastward Diffusion type,the Southeast Transport type and the Northeast Transport type,which account for 38.9%,38.9%and 22.2%of the statistics,respectively.The intensity and influence range of the dust of the Eastward Diffusion type are the largest,and the average mass concentration of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) in North China are 156.4μg·m^(-3)and 86.1μg·m^(-3).The dust of the Southeast Transport type dissipates rapidly with low intensity due to the high wind speed in North China,and the pollution in North China is the lightest among the three types.The average mass concentration of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) are 171.9μg·m^(-3)and 117.8μg·m^(-3)in North China during the Northeast Transport type,which is the most serious pollution among the three types.The lower wind speed and downdraft in North China may lead to the accumulation of pollutants.Moreover,the average relative humidity during the Northeast Transport type in North China is 4%-5%higher than that during the other two types,and especially in the coastal areas,the relative humidity is higher than 70%,which may promote the heterogeneous formation of secondary particles and aggravate the pollution.

关 键 词：秋冬季沙尘 传输路径 空气质量 华北地区 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]