油气输送管道水合物堵塞机理、特性及其检测研究进展  

Research Progress on Mechanism,Characteristics and Detection of Hydrate Plugging in Oil and Gas Transmission Pipelines

作　　者：邓乐洋 王雨婷 王春辉 宋光春[1] 王武昌[1] 刘四洋 李玉星[1] DENG Leyang;WANG Yuting;WANG Chunhui;SONG Guangchun;WANG Wuchang;LIU Siyang;LI Yuxing(College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266580,China;CNPC Offshore Engineering(Qingdao)Company Limited,Qingdao 266580,China;Xi’an Changqing Tongxin Petroleum Technology Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710299,China;South-China Petrochina International Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510335,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)储运与建筑工程学院,山东青岛266580 [2]中国石油集团海洋工程(青岛)有限公司,山东青岛266580 [3]西安长庆同欣石油科技有限公司,西安710299 [4]华南中石油国际事业有限公司,广州510335

出　　处：《油气与新能源》2025年第2期47-55,共9页Petroleum and new energy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“水合物管壁膜生长沉积层的形成监测、动态演化及力学稳定性研究”(52104070);山东省自然科学基金面上项目“基于笼型孔穴结构类型及热力学稳定性的促进剂作用下水合物储氢机制研究”(ZR2024ME016);山东省自然科学基金青年项目“深水油气输送管道水合物管壁生长沉积特性研究”(ZR2021QE169);山东省自然科学基金青年项目“天然气吸附-水合储运技术机理的研究”(ZR2022QE038)。

摘　　要：水合物在管道内的堵塞会严重威胁油气生产的安全及效率,针对该问题,有必要对油气管道的水合物堵塞展开系统研究。针对油气管道水合物堵塞的形成机理和检测方式的研究,采用对不同流体性质的管道堵塞机理分析方法,对特殊管道特殊管段水合物的堵塞特性进行了总结。针对堵塞机理的研究表明,水合物在管道内的聚集、沉积、栓塞及流动黏度的突增是导致水合物堵塞管道的主要原因,不同管输体系中水合物堵管的具体机理并不相同,需结合实际工况进行系统分析。针对堵塞检测方式的研究表明,相较于常规检测方式,介电常数检测及声波检测等新型方式具有精准度高、实时性强且能反映堵塞体特征参数等优点,应用前景良好,值得深入研究。针对特殊管段水合物堵塞特性的研究表明,盲管、弯管及变径管等特殊管段水合物堵塞风险相较于普通管段更高,深入开展可视化和量化实验研究、优化管段结构设计将有助于更好防治特殊管段水合物堵塞。The blockage of natural gas hydrates in pipelines can seriously threaten the efficiency and safety of oil and gas production.In response to this issue,it is necessary to conduct systematic research on the hydrate blockage of oil and gas pipelines.Regarding the research on the formation mechanism and detection methods of hydrate blockage in oil and gas pipelines,the paper adopts the analysis method of pipeline blockage mechanism for different fluid properties and summarizes the blockage characteristics of hydrates in special pipelines and special pipe sections.The research on blockage mechanisms indicates that the accumulation,deposition,plugging,and sudden increase in flow viscosity of hydrates within pipelines are the main reasons leading to hydrate blockages and it is necessary to conduct the systematic analysis considering the actual working conditions since the specific mechanisms of hydrate blockages differ across various pipeline transport systems.The investigation into blockage detection methods reveals that such new techniques as dielectric constant detection and acoustic detection have advantages in terms of high accuracy,real-time capability,and the ability to reflect the characteristic parameters of the blockage material compared to conventional detection methods,showing promising application prospects worthy of further research.Researches on hydrate plugging characteristics in special pipe sections indicate that the risk of hydrate plugging in such special pipe sections as dead-end pipe,bent pipe,and reduced diameter pipe is higher than that in ordinary pipe sections.Further visualization and quantitative experimental research and optimization of pipe section structural design would help prevent and control hydrate plugging in special pipe sections better.

关 键 词：水合物 管道 堵塞 特殊管段 检测方式 

分 类 号：TE88[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]