信江流域水沙情势演变及其对降雨和人类活动的响应  

Evolution of water and sediment regime and its response to precipitation and human activities in the Xinjiang River Basin

作　　者：危文广 罗志雄 谌祖安 周波 余强 WEI Wenguang;LUO Zhixiong;CHEN Zuan;ZHOU Bo;YU Qiang(Poyang Lake Water Conservancy Project Construction Office of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang Jiangxi,330009,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省鄱阳湖水利枢纽建设办公室,江西南昌330009

出　　处：《江西水利科技》2025年第2期103-109,共7页Jiangxi Hydraulic Science & Technology

基　　金：江西水利科技项目(202425YBKT29)。

摘　　要：探究信江流域水沙情势及其驱动因素,可为信江流域水土流失防治和水沙资源合理开发利用提供科学依据。基于信江流域弋阳站降雨资料和梅港站1956—2019年的径流和输沙量数据,采用多元统计分析方法,研究了流域水沙动态及其对降雨和人类活动的响应。结果表明:信江流域年降雨量和年径流量在1956—2019年呈现轻微的递增趋势,但二者并无明显的拐点;年输沙量表现出显著的递减趋势,且在1999年存在突变,突变年份后的减沙率达到了50%以上。1999年后,实测的累积输沙量减少了3 230.91万t,减少幅度为26.45%。此外,突变年份后,人类活动对信江流域输沙量减少的平均贡献率超过了100%,人类活动(水利工程建设和水土保持生态建设)对信江流域输沙量变化起着决定性的作用,是信江流域输沙量减少的主要原因,研究结果可为流域水沙资源合理开发利用提供参考。Exploring the water and sediment regime and its driving factors in the Xinjiang River Basin can provide ascientific basis for the prevention and control of soil erosion and the rational development and utilization of water andsediment resources in the basin.Based on the precipitation data of Yiyang Station in the Xinjiang River Basin and therunoff and sediment load data of Meigang Station from 1956 to 2019,this paper used multivariate statistical analysismethods to study the water and sediment dynamics in the basin and its response to rainfall and human activities.Theresults show that the annual precipitation and annual runoff in the Xinjiang River Basin showed a slight increasingtrend from 1956 to 2019,but there was no obvious turning point.The annual sediment load shows a significantdecreasing trend,and there was a sudden change in 1999.The sediment reduction rate after the sudden change reachedmore than 50%.After 1999,the measured cumulative sediment transport volume decreased by 32.309 1 million tons,with a reduction rate of 26.45%.Furthermore,after the mutation year,the average contribution rate of human activitiesto the reduction of sediment load in the Xinjiang River Basin exceeded 100%.Human activities(reservoir constructionand large-scale water conservation project construction) played a decisive role in the change of sediment load and werethe main reason for the reduction of sediment load in the Xinjiang River Basin.The research results can provide areference for the rational development and utilization of water and sediment resources in the basin.

关 键 词：降雨量 径流量 输沙量 信江流域 人类活动 

分 类 号：S333[农业科学—作物遗传育种]