新疆科克苏湿地边缘带土壤水盐和养分含量的空间分布特征  

The Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Soil Water,Salt,and Nutrient Content in the Marginal Zone of the Kokso Wetland in Xinjiang

作　　者：张永杰 兰文旭 蔡和生 ZHANG Yong-jie;LAN Wen-xu;CAI He-sheng(Xinjiang Forestry Planning Institute,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Altay Wildlife Conservation and Monitoring Station,Altay 836500,Xinjiang,China;Altay Koxu Wetland Nature Reserve Administration,Altay 836500,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆林业和草原调查规划院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [2]新疆阿勒泰地区野生动植物保护监测站,新疆阿勒泰地区836500 [3]阿勒泰科克苏湿地自然保护区管理局,新疆阿勒泰地区836500

出　　处：《湿地科学与管理》2025年第2期10-16,共7页Wetland Science & Management

摘　　要：明晰土壤含水量、盐分、养分的空间变异性是土壤资源可持续利用和土壤修复改良的前提。本研究以科克苏高芦苇湿地、披碱草盐碱地、硬草荒地、低芦苇湿地、盐生假木贼旱地、苦豆子荒地6种边缘带湿地表层土壤为研究对象,探讨边缘带土壤含水量、盐分和养分的空间异质性。结果表明:科克苏湿地边缘带盐渍化处于轻度与中度盐化水平之间,土壤呈碱性、养分较高。披碱草盐碱地土壤水分、盐分含量最高(60.10·g·kg^(-1)、8.21·g·kg^(-1)),为极度盐渍化,块金系数大于75%,空间相关性弱,主要受灌溉、土壤改良、耕作等随机性因素影响;芦苇湿地土壤全氮、有机碳含量最高(1.68·g·kg^(-1)、20.33·g·kg^(-1)),受结构性和随机性因素共同影响;盐生假木贼旱地有机碳含量最低(6.78·g·kg^(-1)),而土壤全磷最高(0.86·g·kg^(-1)),主要受随机性因素影响;披碱草盐碱地全磷含量最低(0.57·g·kg^(-1)),空间相关性较弱。随着湿地缓冲区向外延伸,不同生境的水分、盐分和养分含量呈先增后减的趋势。盐碱地磷资源相对匮乏,旱地土壤有机质含量不足,这可能与周边地区过度开垦和不合理灌溉等活动有关。The spatial variability of soil moisture,salinity,and nutrients is crucial for the sustainable use and restoration of soil resources.This study investigates the spatial heterogeneity of soil factors across six distinct edge-zone wetlands,including the Kokso Reed Wetland,Elymus dahuricus saline-alkali land,Hardgrass barren land,Low Reed Wetland,Halophyte dry land,and Sophora alopecuroides barren land.Results show that salinization in the Kokso Wetland edge zone ranges from mild to moderate,featuring alkaline soils and notably high nutrient levels.The Elymus dahuricus salinealkali land has the highest soil water and salt content(60.10 and 8.21 g·kg^(-1),respectively),exhibiting extreme salinization,a blockiness coefficient exceeding 75%,and a weak spatial correlation,primarily influenced by irrigation practices,soil amelioration,and agricultural cultivation.The Reed Wetland has the highest organic carbon and nitrogen content(20.33 and 1.80 g·kg^(-1),respectively),affected by both structural and random factors.The Halophyte dry land exhibits the lowest organic carbon content at 6.78 g·kg^(-1),whereas its phosphorus content peaks at 0.86 g·kg^(-1),primarily due to random factors.Elymus dahuricus saline-alkali land shows the lowest phosphorus content(0.57 g·kg^(-1)),with weak spatial correlation.With the outward extension of the wetland buffer zone,there is an initial increase in water,salinity,and nutrient levels,followed by a decrease.Saline-alkali lands are relatively scarce in phosphorus,while dryland soils suffer from insufficient organic matter,due to over-cultivation and improper irrigation in surrounding areas.

关 键 词：湿地边缘带 土壤水盐 空间异质性 科克苏湿地 土地管理 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学]