滦河口营养盐结构和富营养化状态的季节特征研究  

Study on Seasonal Characteristics of Nutrient Structure and Eutrophication in Luanhe Estuary

作　　者：王立华 李佳骏 张津徽 王丹丹 李汝佳 李岩松 WANG Li-hua;LI Jia-jun;ZHANG Jin-hui;WANG Dan-dan;LI Ru-jia;LI Yan-song(The Fifth Geology Company of Hebei Geology&Minerals Bureau,Tangshan 06300,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省地质矿产勘查开发局第五地质大队(河北省海洋地质环境调查中心),河北唐山063000

出　　处：《湿地科学与管理》2025年第2期17-23,共7页Wetland Science & Management

基　　金：国家环境保护海洋生态环境整治修复重点实验室开放基金(2023-06);河北省自然科学基金(D2023336008);河北省重点研发计划项目(20373303D)。

摘　　要：河口的营养盐结构和富营养化状态是影响河口生态系统健康的关键因素。为阐明滦河口营养盐结构和富营养化状态的季节特征,于2022年夏季、秋季,2023年春季、夏季、秋季对滦河下游及河口近岸海域开展调查,采用显著性检验、相关性分析等方法对其季节特征进行了研究。结果表明:河口近岸海域水温、活性磷酸盐(DIP)、硝酸盐(NO_(3)-N)、亚硝酸盐(NO_(2)-N)、氨氮(NH_(4)-N)浓度存在季节性差异。秋季NO_(3)-N浓度低于春、夏季,秋季NO_(2)-N、NH_(4)-N浓度高于春、夏季。受季节影响,水生动物、浮游植物等对污染物质的吸收、转化能力不同,各季节水体中不同形态氮之间的循环转化较为活跃。2023年滦河下游及河口近岸海域有机污染和富营养化程度低于2022年的水平,且滦河下游的污染水平高于近岸海域,表明富营养化主要由陆源污染物引起,并与径流量和海流的物理混合过程有关。研究结果可为滦河流域的可持续管理提供科学依据。The nutrient structure and eutrophication status of estuaries are critical factors influencing the health of the estuarine ecosystem.To elucidate the seasonal characteristics of nutrient structure and eutrophication status in the Luanhe estuary,the lower reaches of the Luanhe river and the coastal waters were investigated in summer and autumn of 2022,as well as in spring,summer and autumn of 2023.The results indicated that there were seasonal characteristics in water temperature,active phosphate(DIP),nitrate(NO_(3)-N),nitrite(NO_(2)-N),and ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)-N).The concentrations of NO_(3)-N in autumn were lower than those in spring and summer,while the concentrations of NO_(2)-N and NH_(4)-N were higher than those in spring and summer,suggesting that aquatic animals and phytoplankton have different absorption and transformation capabilities of pollutants,and the cyclic transformation between different forms of nitrogen in water bodies in different seasons is more vigorous.The degree of organic pollution and eutrophication in the lower reaches of the Luanhe river and the coastal waters in 2023 is lower than that in 2022,and the pollution level in the lower reaches of the Luanhe river is higher than that in the coastal waters,suggesting that eutrophication is mainly attributed to land-based pollutants and is associated with the physical mixing process of runoff and ocean currents.These outcomes can offer a scientific foundation for the sustainable management of the Luanhe river basin.

关 键 词：滦河口 营养盐 富营养化 季节特征 

分 类 号：P734.4[天文地球—海洋化学] P76[天文地球—海洋科学]