长江口典型盐沼植被多季节光谱特征分析  

Multi-seasonal Spectral Characteristics Analysis of Typical Salt Marsh Vegetation in the Yangtze Estuary

作　　者：张正龙 王乐 江灿 冯雪松 章斯腾 严朋飞 ZHANG Zheng-long;WANG Le;JIANG Can;FENG Xue-song;ZHANG Si-teng;YAN Peng-fei(East China Sea Ecology Center,MNR,Shanghai 201206,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Monitoring and Restoration Technologies,MNR,Shanghai 201206,China;Shanghai Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve Management Affairs Center,Shanghai 202183,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部东海生态中心,上海201206 [2]自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室,上海201206 [3]上海市崇明东滩自然保护区管理事务中心,上海202183

出　　处：《湿地科学与管理》2025年第2期24-30,共7页Wetland Science & Management

基　　金：自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室开放研究基金(MEMRT202105);自然资源部东海局青年海洋科学基金项目(2023180302);长江口航道养护环保项目。

摘　　要：地物光谱是环境遥感技术与应用研究的基础。以长江口白茅(Imperata cylindrica)、菰(Zizania latifolia)和水葱(Scirpus validus)植被为研究对象,使用FieldSpec 4地物光谱仪测量3种典型盐沼植被不同季节反射光谱,采用光谱曲线法、一阶导数法和遥感植被指数分析植被光谱特征。结果表明:3种典型盐沼植被光谱特征在季节上表现各异,水葱反射率总体低于菰和白茅,春季至秋初菰的近红外波段反射率高于白茅和水葱,春季白茅550 nm无反射峰,3种植被季节间反射率均波动。3种典型盐沼植被反射光谱一阶导数曲线总体趋势基本相似,均在521 nm和724 nm左右出现一阶导数曲线峰值,夏季和秋初“三边”(蓝边、黄边和红边)明显,红边斜率最高且春季、夏季和秋初波动幅度大。NDVI等6种遥感植被指数季节变化明显,能有效指示3种典型盐沼植被的类型、覆盖度、生物量、叶面积指数和叶绿素等差异。研究结果填补了长江口部分典型盐沼植被光谱特征的空白,为盐沼植被分类和理化参数反演奠定基础。Spectral analysis serves as the cornerstone of environmental remote sensing technology and its applied research.This study focuses on three emblematic salt marsh plants of the Yangtze Estuary—Imperata cylindrica,Zizania latifolia,and Scirpus validus—investigating their spectral signatures through seasonal variations.Utilizing the Fieldspec 4 spectrometer,we captured multi-seasonal reflectance spectra,then employed spectral curve analysis,first-order derivative methodology,and remote sensing vegetation indices to unravel spectral dynamics.Key findings reveal distinct seasonal fluctuations in spectral characteristics:Scirpus validus consistently exhibits lower reflectance than Imperata cylindrica and Zizania latifolia,while Zizania latifolia demonstrates superior near-infrared band reflectance from spring through early autumn.Notably,Imperata cylindrica lacks the characteristic 550 nm reflectance peak in spring.First-derivative curves of all species share fundamental similarities,displaying prominent peaks near 521 nm and 724 nm.Summer and early autumn observations highlight pronounced"three edges"phenomena(blue edge,yellow edge,and edge),with Imperata cylindrica showing the steepest red-edge slope and greatest seasonal variability.Six vegetation indices,including NDVI,exhibit marked seasonal sensitivity,effectively distinguishing species-specific differences in coverage,biomass,leaf area index,and chlorophyll content.This research bridges critical gaps in understanding Yangtze Estuary salt marsh vegetation spectra,establishing crucial groundwork for advanced vegetation classification and physicochemical parameter inversion.

关 键 词：盐沼植被 光谱分析 多季节 长江口 

分 类 号：O433.1[机械工程—光学工程] O433.4[理学—光学]