浙江省桐庐县托幼儿童和中小学生乙型病毒性肝炎表面抗体水平调查  

Investigation of hepatitis B surface antibody levels among preschool and school-age children in Tonglu County,Zhejiang Province

作　　者：叶扬 张小鑫 魏淑淑 朱智勇[1] 李志芳[1] YE Yang;ZHANG Xiaoxin;WEI Shushu;ZHU Zhiyong;LI Zhifang(Tonglu County Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Tonglu County Health Supervision Institution),Hangzhou,Zhejiang 311500,China;Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Hangzhou Health Supervision Institution),Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310021,China;The Second People's Hospital of Tonglu County,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 311519,China)

机构地区：[1]桐庐县疾病预防控制中心(桐庐县卫生监督所),浙江杭州311500 [2]杭州市疾病预防控制中心(杭州市卫生监督所),浙江杭州310021 [3]桐庐县第二人民医院,浙江杭州311519

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2025年第2期164-167,共4页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：桐庐县社会发展科技项目(2023SYD035)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解浙江省桐庐县托幼儿童(3~6岁)中小学生体内乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)水平,评估乙肝疫苗免疫接种效果,为桐庐县乙肝防控提供依据。【方法】借助2023年桐庐县城乡居民健康体检项目开展普查,在体检时采集托幼机构儿童指尖血样本,中小学生静脉血样本,通过乙肝表面抗体检测试剂(乳胶法)定性检测血液中抗<HBs水平(阳性+/阴性-),分析不同学龄组抗-HBs阳性率水平。【结果】2023年4月1日―6月30日,调查托幼儿童11973人,中小学生40946人,共52919人,检出抗-HBs阳性率为39.74%。托幼儿童阳性率最高,占60.20%。年龄与抗-HBs阳性率呈负相关(P<0.001)。未观察到抗-HBs阳性率存在明显性别差异。桐庐县农村地区抗-HBs阳性率高于城镇地区,小学1~3年级、4~6年级、初中、高中组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。【结论】桐庐县托幼儿童及中小学生体内抗-HBs阳性检出率随年龄增长呈下降趋势,阳性检出率相对偏低。建议加强托幼儿童和中小学生乙肝抗体水平监测和健康宣教,未全程接种乙肝疫苗儿童应及时开展补种。[Objective]To investigate the level of hepatitis B surface antibody(anti-HBs)among preschool children(aged 3‒6 years)and primary and secondary school students in Tonglu County,Zhejiang Province,to evaluate the effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination,and to provide a basis for hepatitis B prevention and control in the region.[Methods]As part of the 2023 Tonglu County Urban and Rural Residents Health Examination Program,blood samples were collected during health check-ups.Fingertip blood samples were obtained from preschool children,while venous blood samples were collected from primary and secondary school children.The anti-HBs levels in blood(positive+/negative-)were qualitatively tested using hepatitis B surface antibody test kits(latex method).The differences in anti-HBs positivity rates among different age groups were analyzed.[Results]Between April 1,2023 and June 30,2023,a total of 52919 individuals were surveyed,including 11973 preschool children and 40946 primary and secondary school students.The overall anti-HBs positivity rate was 39.74%,with the highest positivity rate observed among preschool children(60.20%).Age was negatively correlated with the anti-HBs positivity rate(P<0.001).No significant gender differences in anti-HBs positivity rates were observed.The anti-HBs positive rate in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas,with statistically significant differences across school grade groups(primary grades 1‒3,grades 4‒6,middle school,and high school)(P<0.001).[Conclusion]The anti-HBs positivity rate among preschool and school-age children in Tonglu County decreases with age and remains relatively low.It is recommended to strengthen the monitoring of hepatitis B antibody levels and promote health education among preschool and school-age children.Children who have not completed the full hepatitis B vaccination should receive timely catch-up vaccination.

关 键 词：乙型肝炎 乙肝表面抗体 免疫 托幼儿童 学生 普查 

分 类 号：R17[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R18[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]