美国公共访问政策下科学数据共享现状分析及启示  

Analysis of the Current Status of Scientific Data Sharing under the US Public Access Policy and its Implications

作　　者：刘婧琢[1] LIU Jingzhuo(Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学图书馆,天津300300

出　　处：《农业图书情报学报》2025年第1期59-74,共16页Journal of Library and Information Science in Agriculture

基　　金：天津市教委科研计划项目“‘新工科’背景下高校图书馆数字资源评价体系模型构建及应用研究”(2019SK106)。

摘　　要：[目的/意义]公共访问政策对提高开放意识、促进科学进步、推动创新发展起着至关重要的作用,研究国外科学数据共享现状可以为中国科学数据共享活动的实践和发展提供参考。[方法/过程]文章采用网络调研法和文献分析法,通过对RADS计划第一阶段系列报告及资料进行解读,全面了解公共访问政策下美国学术机构科学数据管理与共享全生命周期活动组成、服务内容及实施成本,分析活动特点与现实问题。[结果/结论]在总结RADS计划成功经验与不足的基础上,结合中国科学数据共享现状,对中国科学数据共享活动的开展提出推动逐级落实,强调公众参与;统筹协调发展,优化成本效益;培育数据素养,重视用户反馈;聚焦公共访问,构建核心集群的建设思路及提质建议。[Purpose/Significance]Public access policy plays a crucial role in raising the awareness of openness,promoting scientific progress and innovation development.Studying the current situation of scientific data sharing in international countries can provide a reference for the practice and development of scientific data sharing activities in China.[Method/Process]Over the past 15 years,an increasing number of funding agencies in the United States have responded to national policy calls to require funded projects to share the research results in order to improve the effectiveness of the grant implementation and to promote scientific development.To this end,many academic institutions have established and provided a variety of data support facilities and services,but these facilities and services are often scattered across different administrative departments.Data management and sharing activities under this model suffer from organizational deficiencies,fragmented activities,overlapping services,inaccessibility,and others that reduce the efficiency of public access to scientific data.In order to understand the reality of scientific data sharing,ARL conducted a fact-based study named the RADS initiative on the scientific data sharing model,with survey respondents coming from six research-intensive universities in the United States,who are involved in scientific data management and sharing,resulting in a relatively comprehensive survey.The article adopts the network research method and literature analysis method,through the interpretation of the first phase of ARL's RADS Initiative series of reports and materials,to comprehensively understand the composition of the entire life cycle of scientific data management and sharing activities,service content and implementation costs of the U.S.academic institutions under the public access policy.We also analyze the behavioral characteristics of the two main actors of the U.S.colleges and universities involved in the practice of scientific data sharing,the characteristics of the

关 键 词：公共访问 科学数据 数据共享 数据管理 开放科学 

分 类 号：G250.7[文化科学—图书馆学] G203