超越合同:股东协议法律效力研究  

Beyond Contract:The Legal Effect of the Shareholder Agreement

作　　者：吴高臣[1] WU Gao-chen(Capital Normal University,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学,北京100089

出　　处：《云南大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期92-102,共11页The Journal of Yunnan University:Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：股东协议通常排除公司法或者公司章程的适用,公司法没有做出充分回应,司法裁判观点也不尽相同。股东协议是股东意思表示一致的产物,本质上是合同。即使部分股东之间的协议,也至少会影响其他股东的权益,所以具有组织属性。双重属性会对股东协议效力的法律适用产生重要影响。股东协议的合法性要件应更多地关注公司法的强制性规定和公司章程。在放松管制的背景下,不宜轻易否定股东协议的效力。股东协议的双重属性决定了守约股东难以享有全部的合同权利,解除协议和实际履行的权利可能受到限制。组织属性的强弱是赋予股东协议组织法效力的判断标准。全体股东达成的协议在通知公司后对公司产生拘束力,部分股东达成的协议即使约定公司拥有针对违约股东的救济权利,对公司也没有拘束力。The shareholder agreement usually excludes the application of the company law or the corporate constitution,while the company law does not give a full response,and the judicial judgment views are not the same.The shareholder agreement is the product of the shareholder's intention,so the shareholder agreement is essentially a contract.Even if the agreement between some shareholders will at least affect the rights and interests of other shareholders,it has organizational attributes.Dual attributes will have an important impact on the effective legal application of the shareholder agreement.The legitimacy-related requirements of the shareholder agreement pay more attention to the mandatory provisions of the company law and the corporate constitution.In the context of deregulation,it is not advisable to easily negate the effectiveness of the shareholder agreement.Dual attributes of the shareholder agreement determine that it is difficult for the compliant shareholders to enjoy all the contractual rights,and their rights to terminate the agreement or actually perform the agreement may be limited.The strength of organizational attributes is the judgment standard that endows the shareholder agreement with the effectiveness of the organizational law.The agreement signed by all shareholders has a binding force on the company that has been notified,and the agreement signed by some shareholders has no binding force on the company even if it is stipulated that the company has the right to remedies against defaulting shareholders.

关 键 词：股东协议 合同属性 组织属性 公司章程 

分 类 号：D913.991[政治法律—民商法学]