马克思《资本论》的“研究方法”和“叙述方法”再审视  

Re-examining of Research Method and Narrative Method in Marx's Das Kapital

作　　者：白刚[1] 王绪春 BAI Gang;WANG Xu-chun(Center for Fundamental Theories of Philosophy,Jilin University,Changchun Jilin 130022,China;School of Philosophy and Sociology,Jilin University,Changchun Jilin 130022,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学基础理论研究中心,吉林长春130022 [2]吉林大学哲学社会学院,吉林长春130022

出　　处：《内蒙古社会科学》2025年第3期62-69,F0002,共9页Inner Mongolia Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金哲学社会科学领军人才项目“《资本论》的文明观研究”(编号:23VRC031)。

摘　　要：马克思在《〈政治经济学批判〉导言》中提及的政治经济学研究的“两条道路”,可转述为研究方法和叙述方法。研究方法表现为从感性具体到理性抽象,叙述方法表现为从理性抽象到理性具体,二者是内在统一的。绝不能像考夫曼一样将两者割裂开来,把《资本论》的研究方法理解为“实在论”,把它的叙述方法理解为“德国辩证法”。马克思《资本论》之所以能够实现两种方法的内在统一并揭示资本增殖的秘密,关键在于他借助“抽象力”,既超越了古典政治经济学的“直观抽象”,也超越了德国古典哲学的“思辨抽象”,从而科学地揭示了作为商品交换关系背后所掩盖的资本主义生产方式这一独特认识对象的内在本质和规律。在此意义上,《资本论》真正实现了从“抽象”到“抽象力”的方法论转向与革命。The two paths of political economy research mentioned by Marx in Introduction to Critique of Political economy can be described as research methods and narrative method. The research method is from perceptual concrete to rational abstract, and the narrative method is from rational abstract to rational concrete, both of which are intrinsically unified. We must not separate the two methods, as Kaufmann did, and understand the research method of Das Kapital as realism and its narrative method as German dialectics. The primary reason Marx was able to achieve the internal unity of the two methods and uncover the secret of capital accumulation lies in his employment of abstract power. This concept transcends both the intuitive abstraction of classical political economy and the speculative abstraction of German classical philosophy, thereby scientifically revealing the intrinsic nature and laws of the unique cognitive object of capitalist production hidden behind commodity exchange relations. In this regard, Marx truly accomplished a methodological transformation and revolution from abstraction to abstract power through his Das Kapital.

关 键 词：《资本论》 研究方法 叙述方法 辩证法 抽象力 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] F0-0[经济管理—政治经济学]