马克思对斯密政治经济学的三重超越  

Marx's Triple Transcendence of Adam Smith's Political Economy

作　　者：那玉 NA Yu(School of Philosophy and Sociology,Jilin University,Changchun Jilin 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学社会学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《内蒙古社会科学》2025年第3期77-83,共7页Inner Mongolia Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“马克思恩格斯超越德国观念论的逻辑演进与历史唯物主义形成研究”(编号:23&ZD013)。

摘　　要：对斯密政治经济学的超越构成了马克思政治经济学批判直接的着力点和思想来源,主要体现在三个方面。一是“抽象”从“形式”向“实践”的变革,把抽象从虚假的形式抽象拉回到以现实的个人及其物质生活条件为基础的真实的实践抽象之中。二是“劳动观点”从“劳动一般”向“劳动二重性”的革新,突破了斯密对劳动一般的消极理解,在“劳动二重性”中揭示了资本主义的现实运动及其剥削真相。三是“文明内涵”从“资本的文明面”向“高度文明的人”的转换,拨开了资本文明悖论的迷雾,使文明的轴心从“资本”转向“人”,描绘和展现了一幅人之“自由个性”全面发展的文明新图景。The transcendence of Adam Smith's political economy constitutes the theoretical source of Marx's critique of political economy.This is reflected in three main areas:the first is the alteration of abstract from form to practice,bring the abstract from the false form of abstraction back to the real practice abstraction based on real individuals and their material living conditions.The second is the innovation of the labor view from general labor to duality of labor.Marx broke through Smith's negative understanding of labor and exposed capitalism's real movement,revealing the essence of its exploitation.The third is the transformation of civilized connotation from civilized part of capital to highly civilized human.Marx cleared away the fog of the paradox of capital civilization,shifted the core of civilization from capital to human,and depicted and present a new picture of civilization in which the free personality of human beings is fully developed.

关 键 词：斯密政治经济学 政治经济学批判 抽象观点 劳动观点 文明观点 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] F0-0[经济管理—政治经济学]