社会结构、劳动力市场与乡村社会转型的区域差异--兼论乡村振兴战略的社会基础  

Regional Differences in Social Structure,Labor Market and Rural Social Transformation--On the Social Foundation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy

作　　者：王向阳 WANG Xiang-yang(School of Public Administration,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学公共管理学院,四川成都610031

出　　处：《内蒙古社会科学》2025年第3期181-189,共9页Inner Mongolia Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金西部项目“基于村社统筹的欠发达地区农村养老服务精准供给模式研究”(编号:22XSH016)。

摘　　要：区域差异是我国各地乡村社会转型的鲜明特征和基本国情。回答什么因素及其如何影响乡村社会转型的区域差异,成为亟待学界解释的重要时代命题。既有的城镇化视角和经济社会分化视角难以对我国各地乡村社会转型的丰富图景做出充分解释。基于田野调查,引入“劳动力市场”概念,通过建构基于“社会结构”与“劳动力市场”基本维度的分析框架可以发现:以河南农村为典型代表的部分乡村的社会结构离散化程度高,全国性劳动力市场特征明显,乡村社会转型快速而激烈,属于典型的快速收缩型社会;以珠三角农村为典型代表的部分乡村的社会结构紧密,在本地劳动力市场条件的加持下,乡村社会转型缓慢而平和,加之人口的持续流入,属于转型平缓的扩大型社会。在同一社会结构条件下,劳动力市场的全国化程度越高,乡村社会解体就越迅速;在同一劳动力市场条件下,社会结构越紧密,乡村社会转型往往就越平缓。在乡村振兴战略的大背景下,国家财政资源的投入必须与各地乡村社会发展的实际和走势相匹配,以免造成不必要的公共资源浪费。Regional differences are a distinctive feature and a common fact of rural social transformation in all parts of China.Answering what factors and how they have affected this difference has become an important contemporary issue that the academic circles need to solve.The existing urbanization perspective and socio-economic differentiation perspective can hardly make a sufficient explanation for the rich of rural social transformation in China.Based on field investigations in various places,this paper introduces the concept of labor market and constructs an analytical framework based on the basic dimensions of social structure and labor market.Through this framework,it is found that some rural areas,with rural areas in Henan as typical representatives,have a high degree of structure dispersion,obvious characteristics of a national labor market,and rapid and intense rural social transformation,belonging to typical rapid contraction societies;some rural areas,with rural areas in the River Delta as typical representatives,have a compact social structure.Under the support of local labor market conditions,rural social transformation is slow and peaceful,plus the continuous inflow of population,to the expanding type of society which transforms slowly.The higher the degree of nationalization of the labor market under the same social structure conditions,the faster the rural society disintegrates;the closer the social structure the same labor market conditions,the slower the transformation of rural society tends to be.Against the backdrop of the rural revitalization strategy,the input of national financial resources must be with the actual situation and development trend of rural society in various places,so as to avoid unnecessary waste of public resources.

关 键 词：乡村振兴战略 乡村社会转型 社会结构 劳动力市场 区域差异 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]