基于低轨Ka频段卫星导航技术研究  

Low earth orbit satellite navigation technology for Ka frequency band

作　　者：佟孟霖 蒙艳松[1] 张明欢 严涛[1] 王方舟 田广宇 边朗[1] 王瑛[1] 张立新[1] TONG Menglin;MENG Yansong;ZHANG Minghuan;YAN Tao;WANG Fangzhou;TIAN Guangyu;BIAN Lang;WANG Ying;ZhANG Lixin(China Academy of Space Technology Xi'an Branch,Xi'an 710000,China;China Satellite Network System CO.,LTD,Xi'an 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国空间技术研究院西安分院,西安710000 [2]中国星网网络研究院有限公司,西安710000

出　　处：《空间电子技术》2025年第2期28-35,共8页Space Electronic Technology

基　　金：中国空间技术研究院西安分院杰出青年人才基金(编号:Y23-RCFYJQ2-04)。

摘　　要：随着技术的进步和新需求的出现,GNSS系统在体制层面的实时高精度定位的瓶颈日益显现,目前基于GNSS的高精度增强技术依旧不能突破体制本身的限制,1 min的收敛时间和10 m的定位精度已达到上限。随着近年来大规模低轨卫星星座的兴起,用于低轨通信的Ka频段在导航领域展现巨大发展潜力。文章首先针对Ka频段低轨导航系统的技术现状,通过仿真分析了Ka频段在天线增益、码跟踪精度、电离层误差等低轨导航领域的潜在性能优势,并通过链路预算、精度因子计算对Ka频段高精度定位的理论进行验证;其次,综合各种Ka频段定位精度影响因素进行分析计算,得到了Ka频段导航信号用户三维定位精度0.047 5 m的结论;最后,对目前需要Ka频段在导航领域需要解决的三大关键问题进行讨论,并给可能的解决方案。基于Ka频段信号进行导航增强有望突破当前GNSS系统的瓶颈,实现收敛时间达到秒级、定位精度达到厘米级的实时高精度定位,是未来导航系统的发展趋势,可为我国未来低轨导航增强系统发展提供借鉴。With the advancement of technology and the emergence of new needs,the bottleneck of realtime high-precision positioning of GNSS system at the institutional level is becoming increasingly apparent,and the current high-precision enhancement technology based on GNSS still cannot break through the limitations of the system itself,and the convergence time of 1min and the positioning accuracy of 10m have reached the upper limit.With the rise of large-scale LEO satellite constellations in recent years,the Ka-band for LEO communication has shown great potential in the field of navigation.In this paper,aiming at the technical status of Ka-band low-orbit navigation system,the potential performance advantages of Ka-band in the field of low-orbit navigation such as antenna gain,code tracking accuracy,ionospheric error are analyzed through simulation.Secondly,the influencing factors of Ka-band positioning accuracy are analyzed and calculated,and the conclusion of the three-digit positioning accuracy of Ka-band navigation signal users is 0.047 5 m.Navigation enhancement based on Ka-band signals is expected to break through the bottleneck of the current GNSS system and achieve realtime high-precision positioning with convergence time of seconds and positioning accuracy of centimeters,which is the development trend of navigation system in the future and provides reference for the development of low-orbit navigation augmentation system in China in the future.

关 键 词：低轨卫星导航增强系统 实时高精度定位 KA频段 

分 类 号：V19[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程] V443