基于SWAT和BASEMENT模型联合使用的泥石流过程模拟与危险性评价——以构林坪泥石流沟为例  

Dynamic simulations and hazard assessment of debris flow processes based on the coupling of SWAT and BASEMENTM models:a case study in the Goulinping catchment

作　　者：岳东霞[1] 王基兴 高宏洋 周妍妍 牟鑫亮 种艳 YUE Dong-xia;WANG Ji-xing;GAO Hong-yang;ZHOU Yan-yan;MU Xin-liang;CHONG Yan(College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems with the Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;School of Geographic Science,Hebei Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,China;Gansu Water Resources and Hydropower Survey and Design Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院,西部环境教育部重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]河北师范大学地理科学学院,河北省环境演变与生态建设实验室,石家庄050024 [3]甘肃省水利水电勘测设计研究院有限责任公司,兰州730000

出　　处：《兰州大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期156-166,共11页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42130709);甘肃省科技重大专项计划项目(22ZD6FA051);河北师范大学科技类基金项目(L2024B26)。

摘　　要：联合使用SWAT模型和BASEMENT模型构建泥石流全过程模拟方法,以“8·17”构林坪泥石流事件为原型,模拟泥石流全过程,以泥石流强度指数(I_(DF))定量评判其危险性.结果表明,泥石流全过程模拟方法通过了实测流速数据的验证,模拟结果与实测结果误差小于8.6%,说明方法可靠;以流深、流速为关键参数模拟泥石流过程,由于前期降雨的影响,泥石流过程与降雨过程密切相关,其趋势变化较降雨过程存在明显的时滞现象,各沟道断面流深和流速于当日15:00前后均达到峰值;基于流速、流深模拟数据,获取I_(DF),主沟道I_(DF)远大于支沟,并呈由上游向下游波动增大和由沟道中心向两侧递减的基本趋势.I_(DF)>10 m^(3)/s^(2)的面积占沟道总面积的12%,该区域泥石流破坏力最强,为高危险区,主要分布于主沟道中央及下游泥石流堆积区.SWAT-BASEMENT泥石流全过程模拟方法可以在泥石流监测数据缺失的情况下,利用长时间降雨数据准确地重现泥石流全过程和规模.We proposed a comprehensive simulation method by coupling soil and water assessment tool(SWAT) and basic simulation environment for computation of environmental flow and natural hazard simulation (BASEMENT) models to present the processes of rainfall runoff and consequent debris flows.Taking the"8.17"debris flow event in the Goulinping catchment,a typical debris flow gully in the Bailong River Basin,as a case study,the entire formation process of the debris flow was reconstructed by the comprehensive SWAT-BASEMENT method.The debris flow intensity index (I_(DF)) was employed to quantitatively assess the hazard level of this event.The key findings are as follows:the SWAT-BASEMENT method was validated through measured flow velocity data,showing an error of less than 8.6%compared to the measured results.Analyzing flow depth and velocity as key characteristics,the simulation results of the"8.17"debris flow event in the Goulinping catchment showed that the formation process of the debris flow was closely related to the rainfall process due to the influence of prior rainfall,and there was a significant time lag in trend changes.Both the flow depth and velocity abstracted from all sections peaked around 15:00 on the day of the event.Based on the simulated flow velocity and depth data,the I_(DF) values were calculated.And the results showed that the I_(DF) in the main channel significantly exceeded those in tributary channels,with an increasing trend from upstream to downstream and decreasing trend from the channel center to the sides.The area with I_(DF)>10 m~3/s~2 accounts for 12%of the total channel area,indicating the highest hazard level,concentrated primarily in the channel central and deposition areas of the main channel.These conclusions demonstrated that the SWAT-BASEMENT simulation method could accurately reconstruct processes and scales of debris flows even with limited monitoring data.

关 键 词：SWAT模型 BASEMENT模型 泥石流 数值模拟 构林坪 

分 类 号：P642.23[天文地球—工程地质学]