青海高寒地区5种旱寒型禾本科牧草产量及其体外发酵指标比较研究  

Comparative Study on Yield of Five Arid-Cold Grasses and Their in Vitro Fermentation Indexes in Alpine Region of Qinghai

作　　者：娄新建 刘毅 张楠楠 苏兴梦 张群英[1] 杨英魁 张生萍[1] 赵国君 周学丽 王雷 杜雪燕 拜彬强[1] 郝力壮[1] LOU Xinjian;LIU Yi;ZHANG Nannan;SU Xingmeng;ZHANG Qunying;YANG Yingkui;ZHANG Shengping;ZHAO Guojun;ZHOU Xueli;WANG Lei;DU Xueyan;BAI Binqiang;HAO Lizhuang(Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Qinghai University,Qinghai Xining 810016,China;Haibei Prefecture Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Product Quality and Safety Inspection and Testing Center,Qinghai Haibei 812200,China;Qinghai Province Forage Technology Extension Station,Qinghai Xining 810000,China;Qinghai Grassland Station,Qinghai Xining 810008,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学,青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [2]海北州农牧产品质量安全检验检测中心,青海海北812200 [3]青海省饲草料技术推广站,青海西宁810000 [4]青海省草原总站,青海西宁810008

出　　处：《饲料工业》2025年第8期11-19,共9页Feed Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发子课题[2022YFD1302103、2024YFD13003053];青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室[重点实验室评估奖励项目:1-8];青海省“昆仑英才·乡村振兴人才”农业农村科技攻关人才项目;青海省“昆仑英才·高端创新创业人才”领军人才项目。

摘　　要：试验旨在评价青海高寒地区不同品种和刈割期牧草的产草量及其体外发酵参数。试验以青海高寒地区常见的5种旱寒型禾本科牧草(星星草、老芒麦、中华羊茅、紫羊茅、披碱草)为研究对象,采用体外产气法评定5种旱寒型禾本科牧草的瘤胃发酵性能。结果表明,5种牧草乳熟期鲜草产量最高,抽穗期鲜干比最高。星星草、老芒麦、中华羊茅和披碱草全熟期的干草产量最高。老芒麦、紫羊茅在发酵12、24、36 h和披碱草在发酵36、48、72 h时抽穗期产气量最大,显著高于同品种其他刈割期(P<0.05);星星草、老芒麦、紫羊茅抽穗期的氨态氮(NH_(3)-N)含量显著高于其他刈割期(P<0.05)。5种牧草抽穗期的总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)、乙酸(AA)、丙酸(PA)和丁酸(BA)含量显著高于其他刈割期(P<0.05);同一时期不同牧草相比,抽穗期中华羊茅、灌浆期披碱草以及乳熟时紫羊茅TVFA、AA含量显著高于其他牧草(P<0.05)。星星草、老芒麦灌浆期的有机质消化率(OMD)最高,其余3种牧草抽穗期OMD最高。除披碱草在灌浆期干物质消化率(DMD)最高,其余4种牧草抽穗期DMD最高;抽穗期紫羊茅OMD和DMD最高,灌浆期老芒麦OMD和DMD最高,乳熟期星星草OMD和DMD最高。综上所述,5种旱寒型禾本科牧草抽穗期的鲜干比、产气量、NH3-N浓度、VFA、OMD和DMD均较高,该时期刈割能够为青藏高原畜种提供更高的饲用价值,且栽培紫羊茅饲用价值更高。The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of grass production and its in vitro fermenta-tion parameters of different species and mowing periods of forages in the alpine region of Qinghai.The experiment was conducted to evaluate the ruminal fermentation performance of five common arid and cold graminoid forages(Puccinellia tenuiflora,Siberian wildrye,Festuca sinensis,Festuca rubra,and Elymus dah-uricus)in the alpine region of Qinghai by using the in vitro gas production method.The results showed that the fresh grass yield of the five kinds of forages was the highest during the milk ripening stage,and the fresh-to-dry ratio was the highest during the heading stage.The hay yields of Puccinellia tenuiflora,Elymus sibiricus,Festuca sinensis and Elymus dahuricus were the highest during the full maturity stage.The gas pro-duction of Elymus sibiricus and Festuca rubra during the heading stage at 12,24 and 36 hours,and that of Elymus dahuricus at 36,48,and 72 hours were the highest,which were significantly higher than those at other cutting stages of the same variety(P<0.05).The ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N)contents of Puccinellia tenuiflora,Elymus sibiricus and Festuca rubra during the heading stage were significantly higher than those at other cutting stages(P<0.05).The contents of total volatile fatty acids(TVFA),acetic acid(AA),propionic acid(PA)and butyric acid(BA)of the five kinds of forages during the heading stage were significantly higher than those at other cutting stages(P<0.05).When compared with different forages at the same stage,the contents of TVFA and AA of Festuca sinensis during the heading stage,Elymus dahuricus during the dough stage and Festuca rubra during the milk ripening stage were significantly higher than those of other forages(P<0.05).The organic matter digestibility(OMD)of Puccinellia tenuiflora and Elymus sibiricus was the highest during the dough stage,while the OMD of the other three kinds of forages was the highest during the heading stage.Except that the dry matter digestibilit

关 键 词：高寒地区 旱寒型禾本科牧草 产草量 刈割期 体外产气法 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]