青海省高寒地区6种全株豆科饲草产量及营养价值比较分析  

Comparative Analysis of Forage Yield and Nutritional Value of Six Whole Plants in the Alpine Region of Qinghai

作　　者：何海轩 张楠楠 刘毅 张群英[1] 张生萍[1] 杨英魁 周学丽 赵国君 杜雪燕 王雷 周雍森 拜彬强[1] 郝力壮[1] HE Haixuan;ZHANG Nannan;LIU Yi;ZHANG Qunying;ZHANG Shengping;YANG Yingkui;ZHOU Xueli;ZHAO Guojun;DU Xueyan;WANG Lei;ZHOU Yongsen;BAI Binqiang;HAO Lizhuang(Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Qinghai University,Qinghai Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Grassland Station,Qinghai Xining 810008,China;Haibei Prefecture Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Product Quality and Safety Inspection and Testing Center,Qinghai Haibei 812200,China;Qinghai Province Forage Technology Extension Station,Qinghai Xining 810000,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学,青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [2]青海省草原总站,青海西宁810008 [3]海北州农牧产品质量安全检验检测中心,青海海北812200 [4]青海省饲草料技术推广站,青海西宁810000

出　　处：《饲料工业》2025年第8期28-34,共7页Feed Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发子课题[2022YFD1302103、2024YFD13003053];青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室[重点实验室评估奖励项目:1-8];青海省“昆仑英才·乡村振兴人才”农业农村科技攻关人才项目;青海省“昆仑英才·高端创新创业人才”领军人才项目。

摘　　要：试验旨在评价青海高寒地区6种全株豆科饲草的产量及营养价值。试验以高寒地区6种全株豆科饲草(全株黄豆、全株绿豆、全株黑豆、饲用豌豆、2005-00蚕豆和青海13号蚕豆)为研究对象。采用概略养分分析法测定6种豆科饲草的营养价值,利用体外产气法分析6种豆科饲草在反刍动物瘤胃的发酵能力,最终结合单位面积产量评定。结果显示:6种豆科饲草中饲用豌豆的饲草产量显著高于其他5种豆科类饲草(P<0.05)。6种豆科饲草中全株绿豆的粗蛋白(CP)含量显著高于其他豆科类饲草(P<0.05);青海13号蚕豆的粗脂肪(EE)含量最高,全株绿豆次之;全株绿豆的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量略高于全株黑豆,酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量略高于2005-00蚕豆,差异均不显著(P>0.05)。6种豆科饲草进行体外产气试验后,饲用豌豆的pH最高,显著高于其他豆科类饲草(P<0.05),饲用豌豆的氨态氮(NH_(3)-N)浓度最高,显著高于除全株黄豆外,其余4种豆科类饲草(P<0.05)。全株绿豆的丙酸(PA)、丁酸(BA)、异丁酸(IBA)、异戊酸(IVA)和戊酸(VA)含量最高,其中IBA和VA含量均显著高于其他豆科类饲草(P<0.05),2005-00蚕豆的乙酸(AA)含量最高;全株黑豆的干物质消化率(IVDMD)最高,全株绿豆次之,两者差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,全株绿豆的营养价值优于其他5种豆科饲草。The experiment aimed to evaluate the yield and nutritional value of six whole legumes in the alpine region of Qinghai.The experiment included six kinds of whole plant soybean forage(whole soybean,whole mung bean,whole black bean,forage pea,2005-00 broad bean and Qinghai no.13 broad bean)in the alpine region.The general nutrient analysis was used to determine the nutritional value of six legume forage plants,and the fermentation capac-ity of six legume forage plants in the rumen was analyzed by in vitro gas production and finally combined with yield per unit area.The results showed that the forage yield of pea in the six legumes was significantly higher than that of the other five legumes(P<0.05).The content of crude protein(CP)of mung bean was sig-nificantly higher than that of other legumes(P<0.05);the content of crude fat(EE)was the highest,followed by the whole mung bean;the content of neutral washing fiber(NDF)of the whole mung bean was slightly higher than the whole black bean,and the content of acid washing fiber(ADF)was slightly higher than that of 2005-00 broad bean,and the difference was not significant(P>0.05).After the in vitro gas production test of six legume forage plants,the pH of forage pea was the highest,significantly higher than that of other legume forage plants(P<0.05),and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N)was the highest,which was significantly higher than that of the other four legume forage plants except the whole soybean plant(P<0.05).The content of propionic acid(PA),butyric acid(BA),isobutyric acid(IBA),isovaleric acid(IVA)and valeric acid(VA)was the highest,in which IBA and VA were significantly higher than other legume forage(P<0.05),2005-00 acetate(AA)was the highest;the dry matter digestibility(IVDMD)was the highest in the whole plant,and the difference was not significant(P>0.05).In conclusion,the nutritional value of whole bean is superior to the other five legume forage plants.

关 键 词：豆科饲草 产草量 概略养分分析法 体外产气 饲草品质 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]