低质粗饲料型发酵全混合日粮对牦牛生长性能、血清生化指标及瘤胃发酵的影响  

Effects of a Low-Quality Roughage-Based Fermented Total Mixed Diet on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemistry Indices and Rumen Fermentation in Yaks

作　　者：刘金平 拜彬强[1] 鲍宇红 胡广卫 周建伟[4] 徐振华 成艳芬[6] 郝力壮[1] LIU Jinping;BAI Binqiang;BAO Yuhong;HU Guangwei;ZHOU Jianwei;XU Zhenhua;CHENG Yanfen;HAO Lizhuang(Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Qinghai University,Qinghai Xining 810016,China;Institute of Practaculture Science,Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Xizang Lhasa 850000,China;Qinghai Yak Breeding Extension Service Center,Qinghai Xining 810100,China;College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Gansu Lanzhou 730000,China;Qinghai Regenerative Nutrition Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Qinghai Haidong 810599,China;National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition,Nanjing Agricultural University,Jiangsu Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [2]西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所,西藏拉萨850000 [3]青海省牦牛繁育推广服务中心,青海西宁810100 [4]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730000 [5]青海再生营养生物科技有限公司,青海海东810599 [6]南京农业大学动物消化道营养国际联合研究中心,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《饲料工业》2025年第8期93-98,共6页Feed Industry

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究专题[2019QZKK0606];国家重点研发子课题[2022YFD1302103];青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室[2024-1-8]。

摘　　要：试验旨在探究低质粗饲料型发酵全混合日粮(TMR)对牦牛生长性能、血清生化指标和瘤胃发酵参数的影响。试验选取健康牦牛(阉牛)20头,随机分为2组,每组10头牦牛。对照组饲喂未发酵的燕麦干草TMR,试验组饲喂发酵的小麦秸秆低质粗饲料TMR。结果表明:(1)试验组和对照组初始重差异不显著,但试验组终末重显著高于对照组(P>0.05);试验组和对照组的平均日增重(ADG)差异不显著(P>0.05),但试验组的均值高于对照组;试验组与对照组相比,干物质采食量(DMI)有显著的趋势(P=0.055)。(2)试验组葡萄糖(GLU)、总蛋白(TP)、总胆固醇(TC)和三酰甘油(TG)的含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),白蛋白(ALB)、尿素氮(UN)和非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)的含量与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。(3)试验组的微生物蛋白(MCP)、总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)、乙酸和丙酸的含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),pH、乙酸/丙酸值及氨态氮(NH_(3)-N)、丁酸含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,低质小麦秸秆粗饲料型发酵TMR对牦牛增重和促生长效果优于燕麦干草型TMR。The aim of the experiment was to inves-tigate the effects of a low-quality roughage-based fermented total mixed diet on growth performance,serum biochemical indices and rumen fermenta-tion parameters in yaks.Twenty healthy yaks(cas-trated yaks)were selected for the experiment and randomly divided into two groups of 10 yaks each.The control group was fed unfermented oat hay TMR diet,while the experimental group was fed fermented wheat straw low-quality roughage TMR diet.The results showed that:①the initial weight differ-ence between the experimental group and the control group was not significant,but the final weight of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P>0.05);there was no significant difference in average daily gain(ADG)between the experimental group and the control group(P>0.05),but the mean of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group;the dry matter intake(DMI)of the experimental group and the control group showed a significant trend(P=0.055).②The levels of glucose(GLU),total protein(TP),total cholesterol(TC),and triglycerides(TG)in the experimental group were signifi-cantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),while the levels of albumin(ALB),urea nitrogen(UN),and non-esterified fatty acids(NEFA)were not significantly different from those in the control group(P>0.05).③The content of microbial protein(MCP),total volatile fatty acids(TVFA),acetic acid,and propi-onic acid in the experimental group were significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),pH、the acetic acid/propionic acid value,ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N),and butyric acid content were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).In conclusion,the TMR diet group fermented with low-quality wheat straw roughage had better weight gain and growth effects on yaks than the TMR diet group fed with oat hay.

关 键 词：低质粗饲料 发酵全混合饲料 牦牛 生长性能 血清生化指标 瘤胃发酵 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]