川贝母商品规格的本草考证  

Texture study on Commercial Specification of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus(Chuan Beimu)

作　　者：林丹琳 贡保草 张英[1] 马志国[1] 吴孟华[1] 曹晖[1] LIN Danlin;GONGBAO Cao;ZHANG Ying;MA Zhiguo;WU Menghua;CAO Hui(Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan(Southern China),Jinan University,Guangzhou 511436,China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学岭南传统中药研究中心,广东广州511436

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2025年第4期601-610,共10页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3504200);国家药品标准制修订研究课题(2023Z03);曹晖全国名老中医药专家传承工作室建设项目(国中医药人教函[2022] 75号)。

摘　　要：通过查阅、整理历代本草典籍和近现代文献,对川贝母不同商品规格“松贝”“青贝”“炉贝”的名称、产地、性状、等级历史变迁进行系统梳理和考证。川贝母的应用历史至少可追溯至宋代嘉祐年间(1061年),按照植株、鳞茎形状与产地推测《本草图经》所载“峡州贝母”为今之川贝母。明代本草典籍始出现“川贝母”之名,但未见单列,贝母出“蜀中”“川产者佳”的记载较多;至清代,川贝母作为正名单列,以四川松潘为川贝母的道地产区;民国时期开始按产地划分商品规格,如以四川松潘产贝母为代表的“松贝”,以甘肃、青海产贝母为代表的“青贝”和以四川打箭炉(康定)产贝母为代表的“炉贝”;中华人民共和国成立后,由于不同川贝母产地交叉重叠、药材性状相似,市场流通川贝母品种基原、商品规格等级等方面较为混乱。最初在以产地划分川贝母商品规格时,对其等级也进行了初步区分,以“松贝”质量最佳;后逐渐转变为以性状特征为依据,如“松贝”有“怀中抱月”“观音坐莲”的典型特征,“青贝”以“外层两鳞叶大小相近、顶部开裂”为典型特征,“炉贝”以“形如马齿、虎皮纹”为典型特征。考证结果为川贝母商品规格的制定和质量评价提供了参考。The article was aimed to texture the historical evolution of Chuan Beimu's commercial specification including names,habitats,characteristics and grades.The application of Chuan Beimu can be traced back to at least in Jiayou period(AD 1061)of the Song Dynasty.The"Xiazhou Beimu"recorded in the Bencao Tujing is Chuan Beimu in today according to its plant,bulb shape,and habitat.In the Ming Dynasty,the name of"Chuan Beimu"first appeared and many following herbal medical books mentioned that the quality of Beimu produced in"Shuzhong"(now Sichuan)was higher."Chuan Beimu",as an independent name was first recorded in the Qing Dynasty,when"Songpan"in Sichuan was considered as the Dao-di habitat.During the period of the Republic of China,the"Chuan Beimu"was categorized into different commercial specifications according to its habitat,including"Song Bei"(from Songpan,Sichuan),Qing Bei(from Qinghai or Gansu),and"Lu Bei"(from Dajianlu,now Kangding,Sichuan).After 1949,different"Chuan Beimu"have overlapping habitats and similar characteristics.The origins,specifications and grades of commercial"Chuan Beimu"were confusing.The grades of Chuan Beimu were preliminarily differentiated based on their habitats and it was believed that the quality of"Song Bei"was considered as the best.Subsequently,the Chuan Beimu was classified in more detail into different commercial specifications and grades based on their organoleptic feature.For example,the shape of the"Song Bei"is like Huaizhong Baoyue(holding the moon in the arms)or Guanyin Zuolian(the Goddess of Mercy sitting on a lotus flower)."Qing Bei"is characterized by two same bulb in size and a crack at the top."Lu Bei"is like the horse′stooth in shape with a tiger′sskin in color.This research may provide references for the commercial specification establishment and quality control of Chuan Beimu.

关 键 词：川贝母 商品规格 性状特征 本草考证 

分 类 号：R281.3[医药卫生—中药学]