以甘肃贝母为基原的川贝母药材商品等级划分及其质量研究  

Commercial Grade Classification and Quality Study of Minbei Medicinal Materials((Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim.))

作　　者：亢琪年 吴海旭 杨成刚 李妙 邵晶 马晓辉 王圆圆 刘立 崔治家 晋玲 KANG Qinian;WU Haixu;YANG Chenggang;LI Miao;SHAO Jing;MA Xiaohui;WANG Yuanyuan;LIU Li;CUI Zhijia;JIN Ling(College of Pharmacy,Gansu University of Chinese Medicine,Lanzhou 730000,China;Zhangxian People's Government Office,Dingxi 748300,China;Collaborative Innovation Center Jointly Established by the Northwest Chinese and Tibetan Medicine Provincial Department,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃中医药大学药学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]漳县人民政府办公室,甘肃定西748300 [3]西北中藏药省部共建协同创新中心,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2025年第4期624-630,共7页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：中药材及饮片质量控制重点实验室项目(2023GSMPA-KL16);甘肃省药品科研项目(2023GSMPA024);中药保障与创新能力提升项目(甘中医药综函[2024] 14号)。

摘　　要：目的:尝试优选外观性状为划分指标,对以甘肃贝母Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim.为基原植物的川贝母药材(习称岷贝)进行等级划分,并对不同等级药材进行质量评价。方法:收集甘肃省定西市漳县及岷县产甘肃贝母样品15批,对直径、高度、单粒质量及颜色等外观性状进行测定,通过SPSS软件进行相关性分析,确定根据药材直径划分商品等级;对不同等级药材的水分、灰分、醇溶性浸出物和总生物碱含量进行测定。结果:以直径为指标将岷贝划分为5个等级,其高度、单粒质量、色度指标明度值(L^(*))分级差异明显。不同等级药材中总灰分含量差异无统计学意义,水分含量存在差异,其中三等品醇溶性浸出物含量较高,不同等级的总生物碱含量呈现出三等>四等>二等>一等>其他的变化趋势。结论:将直径作为岷贝商品等级划分的主要性状指标是可信的,并且以直径划分出的不同等级的岷贝在总生物碱含量上存在差异,其中以三等药材总生物碱含量最高。科学划分和评价岷贝药材的商品等级,不仅有助于提升市场分级的客观性和规范性,还能促进市场交易、增加经济效益,并为资源保护与产业可持续发展提供参考。Objective:To attempt to use optimized morphological traits as classification criteria to establish a grading system for Minbei medicinal materials derived from Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim.,the original plant,and evaluate the quality of medicinal materials at different grades.Methods:Fifteen batches of F.przewalskii Maxim.samples were collected from Zhangxian and Minxian counties in Dingxi City,Gansu Province.The morphological traits,including diameter,height,single grain weight,and color,were measured.Correlation analysis was performed using SPSS software to determine the commercial grade classification based on the diameter of medicinal materials.The moisture content,ash content,alcohol-soluble extractives,and total alkaloid content of medicinal materials at different grades were analyzed.Results:Minbei medicinal materials were classified into five grades based on diameter.Significant differences were observed among different grades in terms of height,single grain weight,and chromaticity index(L*).Total ash content showed no significant variation across grades,while moisture content showed some variation.The third-grade materials exhibited higher alcohol-soluble extractive content.The total alkaloid content differed significantly among grades,ranked as third-grade>fourth-grade>second-grade>first-grade>others.Conclusion:Diameter is a reliable primary trait for commercial grading of Minbei materials.The classification based on diameter reveals variations in total alkaloid content among different grades,with the third-grade materials exhibiting the highest alkaloid content.The commercial grading and evaluation of Minbei medicinal materials not only provide a thorough understanding of the scientific and objective classification standards for marketed medicinal materials but also offer valuable insights for standardizing market transactions,increasing economic benefits,and promoting scientific research,resource conservation,and the sustainable development of the industry.

关 键 词：岷贝 甘肃贝母 基原植物 性状特征 商品等级 质量评价 

分 类 号：R282[医药卫生—中药学]