微塑料对植物生长和抗病性影响的研究进展  

The research progress of the effects of microplastics on plant growth and disease resistance

作　　者：王琼 戴宇如 陈夕军[1] WANG Qiong;DAI Yuru;CHEN Xijun(College of Plant Protection,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学植物保护学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2025年第1期11-20,共10页Journal of Yangzhou University:Agricultural and Life Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(32101734);国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目(32311540012);江苏省科协青年科技人才托举工程项目(JSTJ-2023-007);扬州大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(XCX20230685)。

摘　　要：微塑料污染形势日益严峻,该物质已成为我国重点管控的新兴污染物之一,对植物生长和抗病能力的影响愈来愈受到密切关注。微塑料通过干扰/破坏植物光合作用、激素合成、抗氧化功能、基因表达和代谢功能等生理生化进程,从而影响植物种子萌发和生长,亦可通过改变土壤微生物群落、调控植物抗病相关基因表达与次生代谢过程等影响其抗病性。针对上述问题综合阐述了近年来的研究进展,以期为进一步了解和应对微塑料对生态系统的潜在威胁提供理论支持和参考。Owing to increasingly severe issue of microplastic pollution,microplastics have even been included in the ranks of emerging pollutants and become one of the new types of pollutants that need to be controlled in China,and more attentions have been paid to its impact on plant growth and disease resistance.Microplastics affect plant seed germination and growth by interfering/disrupting photosynthesis,hormone synthesis,antioxidant function,gene expression and metabolism,and also affect plant disease resistance by altering soil microbial communities and regulating the expression of disease-resistance-related genes and secondary metabolic processes.Through the comprehensive elaboration of the above research progress,this paper provides theoretical support and practical guidance for further understanding and coping with the potential threats of microplastics to ecosystems.

关 键 词：微塑料 植物 生长发育 抗病性 机制 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学] X503.23[环境科学与工程—环境工程]