温度对拟果蝇生长发育和繁殖的影响  

Effects of temperature on the growth,development and reproduction of the fruit fly Drosophila simulans

作　　者：朱玉溪 杨润 王思博 杨俊杰 代尧 吴凌晓 谈俊 陈谦 杜予州[1] ZHU Yuxi;YANG Run;WANG Sibo;YANG Junjie;DAI Yao;WU Lingxiao;TAN Jun;CHEN Qian;DU Yuzhou(College of Plant Protection,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China;Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Binhu District of Wuri,Wuxi 21407l,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学植物保护学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]无锡市滨湖区农业农村局,江苏无锡214071

出　　处：《扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2025年第1期141-146,共6页Journal of Yangzhou University:Agricultural and Life Science Edition

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2601100);江苏省自然科学基金面上项目(BK20231330);滨湖区果树病虫害防治产学研合作项目专项资金(2021-0);扬州大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(XCX20240711)。

摘　　要：拟果蝇(Drosophila simulans Sturtrvant)是一种危害多种重要经济水果的世界性害虫,近年在江苏无锡的杨梅产区爆发成灾。为明确温度对拟果蝇生长发育及繁殖的影响,在5个恒温(19、22、25、28和31℃)条件下,分析拟果蝇各虫态的发育历期、存活率、寿命和产卵量等适合度、生殖力指标及种群增长参数。结果表明:在19~31℃范围内,拟果蝇各虫态的发育历期随温度升高而逐渐缩短;在25℃条件下,拟果蝇各虫态存活率、雌雄虫寿命、雌虫总产卵量和净增殖率均最大;19℃条件下,净增殖率、内禀增长率和周限增长率均最低;与对照温度(25℃)相比,31℃条件下蛹存活率、雌虫寿命和产卵量均显著下降。这说明温度对拟果蝇生长发育和繁殖具显著影响,这为其预测预报及综合治理提供理论参考。The fruit fly Drosophila simulans Sturtrvant is a global pest that damages many economically important fruit crops.In recent years,it has caused severe outbreaks in the waxberry-producing regions of Wuxi City,Jiangsu Province.To clarify the effect of different temperature on the growth,development,and reproduction of D.simulans,we measured developmental duration,survival rate,lifespan,fecundity and population growth parameters under five constant temperatures(i.e.,19,22,25,28,and 31℃).We found that the developmental duration of each life stage was shortened as the temperature increased within the 19-31℃range.At 25℃,the survival rate,lifespan of both sexes,total egg production by females,and net reproductive rate were maximized.In contrast,at 19℃,the net reproductive rate,intrinsic growth rate,and finite growth rate were at their lowest.At 31℃,compared to the control temperature of 25℃,pupal survival rate,female lifespan,and egg production all significantly declined.This study highlights the significant influence of temperature on the growth,development,and reproduction of D.simulans,providing a theoretical foundation for pest forecasting and integrated management strategies.

关 键 词：拟果蝇 温度 生长发育 繁殖 

分 类 号：S433[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]